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	Dryopteris	Diplazium	Polystichum	Härkylät
Photo	Dryopteris	Diplazium			(polystichum)
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Polystichum Roth, 1799

Härkylät Holly Ferns Christmas-fern Sword-fern
Polystichum, Biota of North America Program (query database) [BONAP]
Polystichum, Den Virtuella Floran [DVF]
Polystichum (Polypodiaceae) ; [TSF, 4]; [FPN, 53]

Foodplants for Blasticotoma filiceti filiceti, Pharmacis fusconebulosus

Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, 1799

Europe, N.Asia, Canada, USA, Greenland, Iceland. See [About maps] Suippohärkylä Taggbräken Scharfer Schildfarn Polystic en lance Narrow Holly Fern Northern Holly Fern Mountain Holly-fern
Polypodium lonchitis L., 1753
Aspidium lonchitis (L.); Sw.
Polystichum lonchitis ; [GMBOT, 40]; [TSF, #15]; [TFG, 102]; [FPN, 53]; [RK, 51]

Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth

Europe, N.India. See [About maps] Piikkihärkylä Uddbräken Gelappter Schildfarn Polystic lobé Hard Shield Fern
Polystichum lobatum (Hudson); Bastard
Polystichum lobatum ; [TSF, #17]
Polystichum aculeatum ; [RK, 51]

Finnish presence based on old (1920) single specimen. [RK]

Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott

USA, Canada. See [About maps] Christmas Fern
Nephrodium acrostichoides Michaux, 1803
Aspidium acrostichoides (Michx.); Sw.
Polystichum acrostichoides ; [GMBOT, 40]; [TFG, 100]

P. a. var. schweinitzii (Beck) Small

Aspidium acrostichoides var. incisum Gray
Polystichum acrostichoides v. incisum (Gray); Gilber, 1901
Polystichum acrostichoides var. schweinitzii ; [GMBOT, 40]
Polystichum acrostichoides v. incisum ; Gilber, 1901, [TFG, 100 (note)]

P. a. f. crispum (Clute) Broun, 1938

Polystichum acrostichoides v. crispum Clute, 1901
Polystichum acrostichoides f. crispum ; [TFG, 100 (note)]

P. a. f. gravesi Clute, 1901

Polystichum acrostichoides f. gravesi ; [TFG, 100 (note)]

P. a. f. multifidum Clute, 1907

Polystichum acrostichoides f. multifidum ; [TFG, 100 (note)]

Polystichum braunii (Spenner) Fée, 1852

Alaska - British Columbia - Newfoundland - NE.Wisconsin, W.Massaschusetts, NE.Pennsylvania, Europe - Siberia - Japan, China. See [About maps] Brauns Schildfarn Polystic de Braun Eastern Holly Fern Braun's Holly Fern

Aspidium braunii Spenner, 1825 Aspidium aculeatum var. braunii (Spenn.); Döll

Polystichum braunii var. purshii Fernald, 1928 Polystychum alaskense Maxon

Polystichum braunii ; [GMBOT, 41]; [TSF, #18]; [TFG, 98]; [Oleg Kosterin]

306x200 (~20Kb) A fir/lime forest on a ridge 10 km E of village Kuzedeevo. the famous "lime-tree island" of the forest of a relic species Tilia sibirica Fisch., the elevation of Gornaya Shoria, Kemerovo Region, West Siberia, Russia. 28th July 1996, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Polystichum scopulinum (Eaton) Maxon, 1900

Canada (S.British Columbia - Quebec) - Washington - California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona. See [About maps] Mountain Holly Fern Western Holly Fern Rock Sword-fern
Aspidium aculeatum var. scopulinum Eaton, 1880
Polystichum mohrioides var. scopulinum (Eaton); Fernald, 1924
Polystichum scopulinum ; [TFG, 102]; [FPN, 54]

Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl.

Alaska - California, N.Idaho, Montana. See [About maps] Sword Fern
Polystichum munitum ; [FPN, 53]

1000x671 (~156Kb) USA: Schmitz Park, Seattle, King Co., WA, 8.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela Polystichum munitum det. Doug Goldenberg

1000x663 (~138Kb) USA: Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park (41°22'25N 124°00'53W ±1km), Humboldt Co. CA, 3.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

900x612 (~78Kb) USA: Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park (41°22'25N 124°00'53W ±1km), Humboldt Co. CA, 3.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

P. m. var. munitum

Common Christmas-fern Common Sword-fern
Polystichum munitum var. incisoserratum;
Polystichum munitum var. munitum ; [FPN, 53]

P. m. var. imbricans (D. C. Eat.) Maxon

Imbricate Sword-fern Imbricate Christmas-fern
Polystichum munitum var. imbricans ; [FPN, 53]

17.9.2005 (11)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BONAP]

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; A data base interface; BONAP U.S. Checklist - 1998; Provided by TAMU-BWG; Texas A & M Bioinformatics Working Group; Based on; Biota of North America Program

[DVF]

Den Virtuella floran; http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html; Ett projekt vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Stockholm, Sweden).; Even for non-Swedish speaker, the distribution maps on species are nice (map buttons "Norden" and "Norra halvklotet")

[FPN]

Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1998; Flora of the Pacific Northwest (11th ed.); ISBN 0-295-95273-3

[GMBOT]

Robinson, Benjamin L., Fernald, Merrit Lyndon, 1908; Gray's New Manual of Botany (7th edition); A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada; American Book Company

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[RK]

Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. (eds), 1998; Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finland); Ed. 4. 656 pp.; Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanical Museum. Helsinki

[TFG]

Edgar T. Therry, ?1995; The Fern Guide: Northeasten and Midland United States and Adjacent Canada; [Original publication 1961]

[TSF]

Eduard Thommen, 1951; Taschenatlas der Schweizer Flora

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.