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Synargis Hübner, [1819]

Synargis Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (2): 18, TS: Papilio tytia Cramer
Nymula Boisduval, [1836]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: pl. 20, [pl. 4C], f. 4, TS: Nymula gnosis Boisduval

= ; [NL4A, 165]

Acystipoda Röber, [1892]; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. II, 6: 256, TS: Pandemos nymphidioides Butler

= ; [NL4A, 165]

Ematurgina Röber, 1903; Stettin. Ent. Ztg 64: 347, TS: Ematurgina mabillei Röber

= ; [NL4A, 165]

Thysanota Stichel, 1910; in Wytsman, Gen. Ins. 112 (A): 22, TS: Lemonias galena Bates

= ; [NL4A, 165]

Thyranota ; Stichel, 1910, (missp.)
Synargis (Nymphidiini) ; Hall, 2003, Syst. Ent. 28 (1): 37
Synargis (Lemoniadina) ; [NL4A, 165]

Synargis tytia (Cramer, [1777])

Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas), Ecuador, Peru. See [About maps] Papilio tytia Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 37, pl. 121, f. C, D, TL: Surinam
Nymula gnosis Boisduval, [1836]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: pl. 20, [= pl. 4C], f. 4, TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1050]

Nymphidium arctos Hewitson, [1853]; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas

= ; [NL4A, #1050]

Nymphidium eroe Hewitson, 1865; , TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1050]

Nymula titia[sic] ariadne Stichel, 1911; , TL: Peru,Ecuador

= ; [NL4A, #1050]

Nymula tytia ; [BOW: pl. 77, f. 3-4]
Synargis tytia ; [NL4A, #1050]

Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819]

Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas, Pará), Ecuador. See [About maps] Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819]; (emend.), TL: Surinam
Papilio orestes Cramer, 1780; (preocc. Meerburgh, 1777), TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #1051]

Nymphidium arche Hewitson, 1865; , TL: Brazil,Amazonas

= ; [NL4A, #1051]

Nymula orestes orestes f. cinerea Stichel, 1925; , TL: Brazil, Pará

= ; [NL4A, #1051]

Emesis pseudomandana Röber, 1927; , TL: ?

= ; [NL4A, #1051]

Nymula orestes ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 31]
Synargis orestessa ; [NL4A, #1051]

Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781)

Surinam. See [About maps] Papilio soranus Stoll, 1781; , TL: Surinam
Synargis sorane Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)

= ; [NL4A, #1052]

Synargis soranus ; [NL4A, #1052]

Synargis abaris (Cramer, 1776)

Guianas, Amazon. See [About maps] Papilio abaris Cramer, 1776; , TL: Surinam
Hamearis abarissa Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)

= ; [NL4A, #1053]

Tyanitis tenes Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.), TL: Brazil, Pará

= ; [NL4A, #1053]

Lemonias sperthias C. & R. Felder, 1865; , TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #1053]

Nymula abaris ; [BOW: pl. 77, f. 3 (text only)]
Synargis abaris ; [NL4A, #1053]

Synargis calyce (C. & R. Felder, 1862)

Surinam, Guyana, Brazil(Pará, Paraíba), Colombia, Peru. See [About maps] Nymphidium calyce C. & R. Felder, 1862; , TL: [Peru]
Nymphidium calyce Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.), TL: Brazil, Pará; "St. Lucia"

= ; [NL4A, #1054]

Nymphidium mesoleucum Bates, 1868; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #1054]

Nymula brennus Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103), TL: Brazil, Pará

= ; [NL4A, #1054]

Nymula brennus manius Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103), TL: Surinam,Guyana

= ; [NL4A, #1054]

Synargis calyce pernambuco Callaghan, 1999; , TL: Brazil, Paraíba

= ; [NL4A, #1054]

Nymula calyce calyce ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150
Nymula brennus brennus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150
Synargis brennus ; [BCR2, 220 (note)]
Nymula calyce ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 27]
Synargis calyce ; [NL4A, #1054]

Larva on Dahlbergia ecastophylla, (for Nymula brennus) Callaghan, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 93-96

Synargis mycone (Hewitson, 1865)

Mexico - Colombia. See [About maps] Nymphidium mycone Hewitson, 1865; Ex. Butt.: (Nymphidium) pl. 3, f. 16-18, TL: Nicaragua
Synargis mycone, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Synargis mycone, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Nymphidium mycone ; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 470; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 709
Nymula mycone ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 29]
Synargis calyce mycone ;
Synargis mycone ; [BCR2, 222]; [NL4A, #1055]

516x501 (~41Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Larva on Tetracera sp., Doliocarpus sp., Cassia spp., Inga minutula, I. quaternata, I. ruiziana, Inga sp., Paullinia fibrigera, Omphalea diandra, Securidaca diversifolia, Coccoloba manzillensis, Pachyptera kere, Turnera ulmnifolia, Heteropteris laurifolia, Stigmaphyllon sp., Gustavia superba [BCR2]

Ant associations Ectatomma ruidum, E. tuberculatum, Camponotus sericeiventris. [BCR2]

Synargis gela (Hewitson, [1853])

?Costa Rica, Ecuador - Brazil(Amazonas, Mato Grosso). See [About maps] Nymphidium gela Hewitson, [1853]; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Nymula gela ferruginea Lathy, 1932; , TL: Brazil, Mato Grosso

= ; [NL4A, #1056]

Nymula gela ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 27 (text only)]
Synargis gela ; [BCR2, 225]; [NL4A, #1056]

Larva on Stigmaphyllon spp., Acalypha sp. [BCR2]

Synargis pittheus (Hoffmannsegg, 1818)

Surinam, Brazil(Amazonas), Venezuela, Colombia. See [About maps] Lemonias pittheus Hoffmannsegg, 1818; (repl. name), TL: Surinam
Papilio pelops Cramer, 1777; (preocc. Drury, 1773), TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #1057]

Peplia pelope Hübner, [1819]; (repl. name), TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #1057]

Nymphidium cavifascia Butler, 1877; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas

= ; [NL4A, #1057]

Nymphidium quinoni Weeks, 1906; , TL: Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #1057]

Nymula pelops ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 27 (text only)]
Nymula pelope ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150
Synargis pittheus ; [NL4A, #1057]

Synargis agle (Hewitson, [1853])

Brazil(Pará), Guianas. See [About maps] Nymphidium agle Hewitson, [1853]; , TL: Brazil, Pará
Nymphidium agle Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.), TL: Brazil, Pará

= ; [NL4A, #1058]

f. furva (Stichel, 1911) (Nymula); , TL: Brazil, Pará

= ; [NL4A, #1058]

Nymphidium menalcidas Seitz, 1913; , TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1058]

Nymula agle ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 26]
Synargis agle ; [NL4A, #1058]

Synargis dirca (Stichel, 1911)

Panama. See [About maps] Nymula dirca Stichel, 1911; , TL: Panama
Synargis dirca ; [NL4A, #1059]

Synargis ochra (Bates, 1868)

Guatemala - Colombia, Peru, Brazil(Amazonas). See [About maps] Nymphidium ochra Bates, 1868; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Nymphidium sicyon Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (2): 368, TL: Guatemala

= ; [NL4A, #1060]

Nymphidium sicyon ; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 475, 3: pl. 46, f. 4; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 710
Synargis ochra sicyon ; [BCR2, 223]
Synargis ochra ; [NL4A, #1060]

Synargis chaonia (Hewitson, [1853])

Brazil(Amazonas), French Guiana. See [About maps] Nymphidium chaonia Hewitson, [1853]; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Synargis chaonia indivisa Brévignon, 1998; , TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1061]

Nymula chaonia ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 28]
Synargis chaonia ; [NL4A, #1061]

Synargis phliasus (Clerck, 1764)

Guianas. See [About maps] Papilio phliasus Clerck, 1764
Nymula phliasus ; [BOW: pl. 77, f. 1]
Synargis phliasus ; [NL4A, #1062]

S. p. phliasus

French Guiana, Brazil Erycina phillone Godart, [1824]; (repl. name), TL: French Guiana,Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #1062a]

Nymphidium hewitsoni Rebel, 1901; , TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1062a]

Nymula phillone ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150; [BOW: pl. 77, f. 1 (text only)]
Synargis phliasus phliasus ; [NL4A, #1062a]

S. p. maravalica (Seitz, 1913)

Trinidad phliasus maravalica (Seitz, 1913) (Nymphidium); , TL: Trinidad
Synargis phliasus maravalica ; [NL4A, #1062b]

S. p. velabrum (Godman & Salvin, 1878)

Nicaragua, Panama - Colombia phliasus velabrum (Godman & Salvin, 1878); , TL: Panama
Nymphidium velabrum Godman & Salvin, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (2): 368, TL: Panama
Nymphidium velabrum ; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 477, 3: pl. 45, f. 19-20
Synargis velabrum ; [BCR, 223]
Synargis phliasus velabrum ; [NL4A, #1062c]

Synargis paulistina (Stichel, 1910)

Brazil(São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Paraguay. See [About maps] Nymula phillone paulistina Stichel, 1910; Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): (9-103), TL: Brazil, São Paulo
Nymula phillone phillone f. pedronia Stichel, 1910; , TL: Brazil, Santa Catarina

= ; [NL4A, #1063]

Synargis pedro Stichel, 1910; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #1063]

Nymphidium enimanga Seitz, 1917; , TL: Paraguay

= ; [NL4A, #1063]

Synargis paulistina ; [NL4A, #1063]

Synargis victrix (Rebel, 1901)

Brazil(Amazonas). See [About maps] Nymphidium victrix Rebel, 1901; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Nymula victrix ; [BOW: pl. 77, f. 1 (text only) [spell.?]]
Synargis victrix ; [NL4A, #1064]

Synargis ethelinda (Hewitwon, 1870)

Brazil(Minas Gerais), S.Brazil. See [About maps] Nymphidium ethelinda Hewitwon, 1870; : 6, TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais
Nymula ethelinda ethelinda ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150
Nymula ethelinda ; [BOW: pl. 76, f. 28 (text only)]
Synargis ethelinda ; [NL4A, #1065]

Synargis nymphidioides (Butler, 1872)

Mexico - Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala. See [About maps] Pandemos nymphidioides Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 79, TL: Costa Rica
Nymphidium labdacus Godman & Salvin, [1886]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 471, 3: pl. 47, f. 17, TL: Guatemala, Teleman

= ; [NL4A, #1066]

Nymphidium labdacus ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 709
Pandemos nymphidioides ; Godman & Salvin, [1886], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 479, 3: pl. 46, f. 5-6
Synargis ethelinda nymphidioides ;
Synargis nymphidioides ; [BCR2, 224]; [NL4A, #1066]

Synargis palaeste (Hewitson, 1870)

Costa Rica - Colombia. See [About maps] Pandemos palaeste Hewitson, 1870; Ex. Butt.: (Erycinidae) pl. 1, f. 7-8, TL: Colombia
Nymphidium grande Godman, 1903; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #1067]

Pandemos palaeste salvator Stichel, 1911; , TL: Costa Rica

= ; [NL4A, #1067]

Synargis palaeste salvator ; [BCR2, 223]
Pseudopeplia grande ; [BOW: pl. 78, f. 7]
Pandemos palaeste ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 710
Synargis palaeste ; [NL4A, #1067]

Synargis regulus (Fabricius, 1793)

Brazil(Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro). See [About maps] Hesperia regulus Fabricius, 1793; , TL: "Indiis"
f. ingens (Stichel, 1925) (Nymula); , TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo

= ; [NL4A, #1068]

Nymula regulus attilius Stichel, 1925; , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

= ; [NL4A, #1068]

Synargis regulus ; [NL4A, #1068]

Synargis sylvarum (Bates, 1867)

Brazil(Pará). See [About maps] Nymphidium sylvarum Bates, 1867; , TL: Brazil, Pará
Synargis sylvarum ; [NL4A, #1069]

Synargis fenestrella (Lathy, 1932)

Ecuador, French Guiana. See [About maps] Thisbe fenestrella Lathy, 1932; , TL: Ecuador
Thisbe fenestrella cayennensis Brévignon & Gallard, 1992; , TL: French Guiana

= ; [NL4A, #1070]

Synargis fenestrella ; Hall & Harvey, 2001, Syst. Ent. 24 (4): 453; [NL4A, #1070]

Synargis axenus (Hewitson, 1876)

-. See [About maps] Lemonias axenus Hewitson, 1876
Ematurgina axena ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 149; [BOW: pl. 72, f. 13 (text only)]
Synargis axenus ; [NL4A, #1071]

S. a. axenus

Brazil(Goiás, São Paulo, Mato Grosso) f. perrupta (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); , TL: Brazil, Goiás

= ; [NL4A, #1071a]

f. perrupta ab. roeberi (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); , TL: Brazil, Goiás

= ; [NL4A, #1071a]

f. acervata (Seitz, 1932) (Ematurgina); , TL: Brazil, São Paulo; Mato Grosso

= ; [NL4A, #1071a]

Synargis axenus axenus ; [NL4A, #1071a]

S. a. ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911)

Argentina axenus ochrophlegma (Stichel, 1911) (Ematurgina); , TL: Argentina
Ematurgina bifasciata ochrophlegma ab. leucomelaina Breyer, 1930; , TL: Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #1071b]

Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. distincta Hayward, 1949; , TL: Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #1071b]

Ematurgina ochrophlegma f. dissimilis Hayward, 1949; , TL: Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #1071b]

Synargis axenus ochrophlegma ; [NL4A, #1071b]

Synargis bifasciata (Mengel, 1902)

Brazil(Rio Grande do Sul), Argentina, Paraguay. See [About maps] Baeotis bifasciata Mengel, 1902; Ent. News 13: 77, pl. 8, f. 7-8, TL: Paraguay
Ematurgina mabildei Röber, 1903; Stettin. Ent. Ztg 64: 347, TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul

= ; [NL4A, #1072]

Ematurgina mabillei ; Hemming, 1967, Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl.: 159 (missp.?)
Ematurgina bifasciata ; [BOW: pl. 72, f. 13]
Synargis bifasciata ; [NL4A, #1072]

Synargis galena (Bates, 1868)

Guianas, Brazil(Amazonas, Pará), French Guiana. See [About maps] Lemonias galena Bates, 1868; J. linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 9: 398, TL: Brazil, Amazonas; Pará; French Guiana
Lemonias galena Bates, 1868
Thysanota galena ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 150; [BOW: pl. 79, f. 34]
Synargis galena ; [NL4A, #1073]

20.7.2008 (25)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BCR]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae

[BCR2]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. II: Riodinidae

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

Some related literature:

Boisduval, [1836]

Histoire Naturelle des insectes: Spécies général des lépidoptères Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 690pp, 24pls

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168

Butler, 1872

Descriptions of new butterflies from Costa Rica Cistula ent. 1: 72-90

Callaghan, 1986

Restinga butterflies: biology of Synargis brennus (Stichel) J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 93-96

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Godman & Salvin, 1878

Description of new species of Central-American butterflies of the family Erycinidae Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (2): 360-369

Godman & Salvin, [1886]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Hall, 2003

Phylogenetic reassessment of the five forewing radial-veined tribes of the Riodininae (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae) Syst. Ent. 28 (1): 23-37

Hall & Harvey, 2001

A phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical riodinid butterfly genera Juditha, Lemonias, Thisbe and Uraneis, with a revision of Juditha (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidini) Syst. Ent. 24 (4): 453-490

Hemming, 1967

Generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.), Suppl.: -

Hübner, [1819]

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Röber, [1892]

II. Theil. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter systematisch und analitisch Bearbeitet in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. II, 6: 225-284, pls. 43-50

Röber, 1903

Lepidopterologisches Stettin. Ent. Ztg 64: 337-358

Stichel, 1910

Vorarbeiten zu einer Revision der Riodinidae Grote (Erycinidae Swains.) (Lep. Rhop.) Berl. ent. Z. 55 (1/2): 9-103

Stichel, 1910

Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines. Subfam. Riodininae. in Wytsman, Gen. Ins. 112 (A): 1-238, pl. 1-23 (1910), (B): 239-452, pl. 24-27 (1911)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.