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Troides Hübner, [1819]

Birdwings
Troides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio helena Linnaeus
Ornithoptera Boisduval, [1832]; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.), 1: 33, TS: Papilio priamus Linnaeus
Amphrisius Swainson, [1833]
Ornithopterus Westwood, 1840; Introd. Class. Ins. 2 : 348 (1839) (emend. of Ornithoptera Boisduval, [1832])
Aetheoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4, TS: Ornithoptera victoriae Gray
Priamoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4, TS: Ornithoptera croesus Wallace
Pompeoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4, TS: Papilio pomepus Cramer
Trogonoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4, TS: Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace
Schoenbergia Pagenstecher, 1893; Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 46: 35, TS: Schoenbergia schoenbergi Pagenstecher
Phalaenosoma Rippon, [1906]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 2: 121, TS: Troides chimaera Rothschild
Ripponia Haugum, 1975; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 87 (4): 111, TS: Papilio hypolitus Cramer
Haugumia Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: ? (1-6), TS: Papilio amphrysus Linnaeus
Troides, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Priamusptera ; Rippon, [1890], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: pl. 12, pl. 15, pl. A (missp.)
Pompeusptera ; Rippon, [1890], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: pl. A (missp.)
Schoenburgia ; Rippon, [1893-1896], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: ix (missp.)
Trogonoptera (Troiditi) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5
Troides (Troiditi) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

Troides darsius (Gray, 1852)

Ceylon. See [About maps] darsius (Gray, 1852); Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 5
f. clementinae Sala, 1992
f. cambyses Ehrmann, 1904
f. melanie Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
Troides darsius ; [BOR, 14]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 2-3, f. 1-4

Troides vandepolli (Snellen, 1890)

-. See [About maps] Troides vandepolli ; [BOR, 14]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 8-11

T. v. vandepolli

W.Java Troides vandepolli vandepolli ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 8, f. 1-2

T. v. honrathiana (Martin, [1893])

N.Sumatra, C.Sumatra Troides vandepolli honrathiana ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 10-11, f. 1-2

T. v. parrottei Deslisle, 1989

S.Sumatra (Mt. Dempo) Troides vandepolli parrottei ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 9, f. 1-2

Troides criton (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai, Obi, Celebes. See [About maps] criton (C. & R. Felder, 1860); Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 225
Troides criton ; [BAUR, 70]
f. felderi Rothschild; [BAUR, 70, (note)]
Troides criton ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 4-6

T. c. criton

Morotai I., Ternate, Tidore I., Halmahera, Kasiruta, Sali I., Bacan I.

f. oberthueri Rothschild, 1895 f. androgyna Jordan, 1908

f. neofelderi Haugum & Low, 1983 f. pseudcriton Haugum & Low, 1983

Troides criton criton ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 4-5, f. 1-3

T. c. critonides Fruhstorfer, 1903²

Obi I. f. clara Jordan, 1908
f. cinna Fruhstorfer, 1908
Troides criton critonides ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 6, f. 1-6

Troides plato Wallace, 1865²

Timor. See [About maps] plato Wallace, 1865²; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 40
f. chitonia Jordan, 1908
f. nychonia Jordan, 1908
Troides plato ; [BAUR, 72]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 1, f. 1-3

Troides haliphron (Boisduval, 1836)

-. See [About maps] haliphron (Boisduval, 1836); Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 181
Troides haliphron ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 6, 8]; [BOR, 16]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 12-18

T. h. haliphron

SW.Sulawesi Troides haliphron haliphron ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 12-13, f. 1-3

T. h. pallens Oberthür, 1897²

Selayar I. Troides haliphron pallens ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 17, f. 1-3

T. h. pistor Rothshild, 1896²

Tanahjampea, Kalao, Bornate, Kalaota, Karompa, Madu Troides haliphor pistor ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 14, f. 1-3

T. h. naias Doherty, 1891²

Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Solor, Alor antilochus Fruhstorfer, 1913

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2

kronos Kobayashi, 1913

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2

Troides haliphron naias ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 15, f. 1-4

T. h. f.loc. socrates Staudinger, 1891

Wetar I. pancasila Kobayashi, 1987
haliphron f.loc. socrates ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 15, f. 2-3
Troides haliphron socrates ; [BAUR, 72 (text)]
?Papilio socrates ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 6 (text)]

T. h. purabu Kobayashi, 1987

Batuata I. f. staudiphron Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
f. pseudostaudingeri Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
f. schmidti Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
Troides haliphron purabu ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 16, f. 1-6

T. h. bellwoni Neukirchen, 1993

Lucipara I. Troides haliphron bellwoni ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 18, f. 1-2

T. h. eleonorae Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004

Buton I. Troides haliphron eleonorae ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 18, f. 3-6

Troides × celebensis Wallace, 1865

-. See [About maps] Troides × celebensis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 1, f. 1-5

T. × c. celebensis

Sulawesi Troides haliphron haliphron × helene haphaestus

T. × c. selayarensis Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1981

Selayar Troides haliphron pisto × oblongomaculatus thestius

Troides helena (Linnaeus, 1758)

-. See [About maps] Common Birdwing
Papilio helena Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 461
Papilio pompeus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 39, pl. 25, f. A

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1

Papilio astenous Fabricius, 1775

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1

Papilio helicaon Fabricius, 1793

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1

nymphalides Swainson, 1893²

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1

Troides helena, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Troides helena ; [BIR, 372]; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 4, 5]; [BOR, 18]; [MRS, 96]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 2-31

Larva on Aristolochia indica, Bragantia wallichii [BIR], Aristolochia tagala [MRS]

T. h. helena

Java, Bali Troides helena maurus D'Abrera, 1975

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

f. albovittata Roepke, 1935
f. alboradians Rousseau-Decelle, 1946

= f. albovittata ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

f. neocarolus Haugum & Low, 1985
f. jupiter Oberthür, 1879
f. seriepunctata Roepke, 1935
f. pluto Felder, 1865
f. rutilans Oberthür, 1879
f. quadriga Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. noirae Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. penetia Jordan, 1908
f. pompeus Cramer, 1775
f. hycetus Rippon, 1906
f. jupiter Oberthür, 1879
f. pseudodarsius Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. brutus Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
Troides helena helena ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 16, f. 1-5, pl. 17, f. 1-6, pl. 18, f. 1-4, pl. 19, f. 1-4

T. h. hephaestus Felder, 1865²

Sulawesi

f. punctata Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 f. bruno Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

f. lygea Jordan, 1908 f. mars Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena hephaestus ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 26, f. 1-3, pl. 27, f. 1-3

T. h. cerberus (C. & R. Felder, [1865])

NE.India - Burma, Indo-China, Thailand, Malaya, S.Yunnan Papilio cerberus C. & R. Felder, [1865]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Lep. Rhop. (1): 19, TL: Khasi Hills
f. seriepuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. punctata Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. gypsothelia Jordan, 1908
Troides helena cerberus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides helena cerberus ; [BMP: 60, pl. 1, f. 2, 3]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 2, f. 1-4, pl. 3, f. 1-3

Larva on Aristolochia tagala [BMP]

T. h. heliconoides Moore, 1877²

Andaman Is. heliaconoides Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1880²

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

f. ryparia Jordan, 1908
Troides helena heliconoides ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 3-4

T. h. nereis Doherty, 1891²

Enggano Troides helena nereis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 15, f. 3-4

T. h. propinquus Rothschild, 1895²

Sumba I, Sumbawa I. Troides helena propinquus ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 21, f. 3-4

T. h. sagittatus Fruhstorfer, 1896²

Lombok f. sciara Jordan, 1908
Troides helena sagittatus ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 30, f. 1-3, pl. 31, f. 1-3

T. h. nereides Fruhstorfer, 1906²

Bawean I. Troides helena nereides ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 22, f. 1-4, pl. 23, f. 1-3

T. h. antileuca Rothschild, 1908²

Kangean I. Troides helena antileuca ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 20, f. 3-6

T. h. typhaon Rothschild, 1908²

NW.Sumatra f. aplotia Jordan, 1908
f. sinepuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
Troides helena typhaon ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 12, f. 1-4, pl. 13, f. 1-3

T. h. neoris Rothschild, 1908²

Tukangbesi I., Binongkos I. Troides helena neoris ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 29, f. 1-3

T. h. isara Rothschild, 1908²

Nias Troides helena isara ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 5-6, pl. 9, f. 1-3

T. h. mopa Rothschild, 1908²

Buton I. f. mars Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
Troides helena mopa ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 28, f. 1-3

T. h. spilotia Rothschild, 1908

S.China(Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Heinan, Guangdon, Fujian, Hongkong) Troides spilotia Rothschild, 1908
Troides helena spilotius Kurosawa, 1966

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

Troides helena tabuchii Hayami & Kobayashi, 1994

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

Troides helena spilotia ; [MRS, 96]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 6, f. 1-3, pl. 7, f. 1-3

T. h. mosychlus Fruhstorfer, 1913²

N.Borneo, Sabah, Sarawak Troides helena mosychlus ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 24, f. 1-2

T. h. euthycrates (Fruhstorfer, 1913)

N.Vietnam Ornithoptera euthycrates Fruhstorfer, 1913
Troides helena euthycrates ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 4, f. 1-3, pl. 5, f. 1-3

T. h. ferrari Tytler, 1926²

Nicobar Is. Troides helena ferrari ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 1-2

T. h. bunguranensis Ohya, 1982

Natuna Archipelago Troides helena bunguranensis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 1-2

T. h. hermes Hayami, 1991

Banyak Archipelago f. reducta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
Troides helena hermes ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 10, f. 1-3

T. h. venus Hayami, 1991

S.Natuna Arhcipelago, Subi I. Troides helena venus ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 5-6

T. h. rayae Deslisle, 1991

Belitung I. Troides helena rayae ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 20, f. 1-2

T. h. orientis Parrott, 1991

S.Borneo, Kalimantan Troides helena orientis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 24, f. 3-4

T. h. sugimotoi Hanafusa, 1992

Karimata I. Troides helena sugimotoi ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 3-4

T. h. dempoensis Deslisle, 1993

S.Sumatra (Mt. Dempo) Troides helena dempoensis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 15, f. 1-2

T. h. demeter Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

We I. Troides helena demeter ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 14, f. 1-3

T. h. hypnos Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

W.Sumatra (Simeulue I.) Troides helena hypnos ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 11, f. 1-4

T. h. hahneli Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Komodo I. Troides helena hahneli ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 21, f. 1-2

Troides oblongomaculatus (Goeze, 1779)

-. See [About maps] Papilio oblongomaculatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 44
Troides oblongomaculatus ; [BOR, 20]; [EBW]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 32-56

T. o. oblongomaculatus

Boano I., Ceram, Ambon, Haruku I., Saparuea I., Nusa Laut I., Ceram Laut I.

asartia Rothschild, 1908² f. linos Haugum & Low, 1982 f. melania Ohya, 1983 f. rubescini Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 f. nigropuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

f. rusty Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 f. ohzuoides Ohya, 1983 f. melanides Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 f. olympicus Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides oblongomaculatus oblongomaculatus ; [BAUR, 74]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 32, f. 1, pl. 36, f. 2, pl. 37, f. 1

T. o. hanno Fruhstorfer, 1904²

Gorong I., Watubela I., Tayandy I. Troides oblongomaculatus hanno ; [BAUR, 74 (text)]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 45, f. 1-3

T. o. bouruensis Wallace, 1865²

Buru I., Sula I. Troides oblongomaculatus mangolensis Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980

= ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4

f. ohzui Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979
f. reducta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. argidia Jordan, 1908
Troides oblongomaculatus bournensis[sic?] ; [BAUR, 74]
Troides oblongomaculatus bouruensis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 40, f. 1-3, pl. 41, f. 1-3

T. o. papuensis (Wallace, 1865)

Papua, New Guinea

f. carolus Fruhstorfer, 1897 f. cellanigra Rousseau-Decelle, 1935 f. papuana Oberthür, 1879

f. obsoleta Dufrane, 1930 f. biroi Horvath & Mocsary, 1900

Troides oblongomaculatus papuensis ; [BAUR, 76]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 46, f. 1, 3, pl. 49, f. 2, pl. 56, f. 1-2 (gynandomorphs)

T. o. thestius Staudinger, 1896²

Selayar I, Tanahjampea I., Buton I., Tugangbesi I. f. bernardus Fruhstorfer, 1908
f. leda Ohya, 1983
Troides oblongomaculatus thestius ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 42, f. 1-3, pl. 43, f. 1-3

T. o. bandaensis Pagenstecher, 1904²

Banda I. Troides oblongomaculatus bandaensis ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 44, f. 1-3

T. o. ilonae Schäffler, 1999

Yapen I. f. obsoleta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
Troides oblongomaculatus ilonae ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 50, f. 1-3, pl. 51, f. 1-3

T. o. cyclop Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Manipa I., Kelang I. Troides oblongomaculatus cyclop ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 52, f. 1-2, pl. 53, f. 1-2, pl. 54, f. 1-2, pl. 55, f. 1-2

Troides aeacus (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

-. See [About maps] Golden Birdwing
Ornithoptera aeacus C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 225, TL: Khasi Hills
Troides aeacus aeacus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides aecus[sic] ; [BIR, 372]
Troides aeacus ; [BOR, 24]; [MRS, 97]

Larva on Aristolochia griffithi [BHR]

T. a. aeacus

Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Indo-China - S.China, Malay Peninsula Orhithoptera rhadamanthus var. thomsonii Bates, 1875; in Thomson. The Straits of Malacca, ... (Appendix, Diurnal Lepidoptera of Siam): 546, TL: Cambodia

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1

Ornithoptera praecox Fruhstorfer, 1913
Troides thibeticus Staudinger & Bang-Haas, 1926
Troides aeacus aeacus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1
Troides aeacus thomsonii ; [BMP: 60, pl. 1, f. 4, 5]

Larva on Thottea corymbosa, T. dependens, (for thomsonii) [BMP]

T. a. formosanus Rothschild, 1899

Taiwan Troides aeaeus[sic] kaguya Nakahara & Esaki, 1930

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1

Troides aeacus formosanus ; [MRS, 97]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 2

Larva on Aristolochia kankauensis, A. elegans [MRS]

T. a. malaiianus Fruhstorfer, 1902

S.Malay Peninsula Troides aeacus malaiianus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides aeacus malaiianus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 4

T. a. insularis Ney, 1905²

NE.Sumatra Troides aeacus insularis ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 3

T. a. szechwanus Okano & Okano, 1983

Hainan Troides aeacus szechwanus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 5

Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder, 1862)

-. See [About maps] magellanus (C. & R. Felder, 1862); Wien. ent. Monats. 6: 282
f. apoensis Okano & Ohkura, 1978
f. leyteanus Okano & Ohkura, 1983
Troides magellanus ; [BOR, 20]; [MRS, 100]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1
Troides (Haugumia) magellanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

Larva on Aristolochia tagala, A. kankauensis [MRS]

T. m. magellanus

Philippines (Babuyanes Group, Bohol, Calandagan, Camiguin de Mindanao, Camotes, Catanduanes, Cebu, Cuyo, Homonhon, Leyte, Luzon, Marinduque, Mindanao, NE.Minodoro, Panaon, Polillo, Samar) Troides magellanus magellanus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 6-12
Troides (Haugumia) magellanus magellanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 16, f. 1-3

T. m. sonani Matsumura, 1931²

SE.Formosa Troides magellanus sonani ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 13-15

Troides minos (Cramer, [1779])

India (W.Ghats, S.India). See [About maps] Papilio minos Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 4, pl. 195
Troides minos ; [BOR, 26]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 16-17

Troides rhadamantus (Lucas, 1835)

-. See [About maps] rhadamantus (Lucas, 1835); Hist. nat. Lép. exot.: 5
f. radamanthus Lucas, 1835
?Orhithoptera dohertyi Rippon, 1893; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 11: 295, TL: Talaud Is.
?Troides dohertyi ; [BOR, 24]
Troides rhadamantus ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 10]; [BOR, 22]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 20-23
Troides (Troides) rhadamanthus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

Larva on Aristolochia tagala, Aristolochia ramosi, A. philippensis, A. elegans Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

T. r. rhadamantus

Philippines basilanicus Fruhstorfer, 1908

= ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

belzanor Fruhstorfer, 1911

= ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

hesiodus Fruhstorfer, 1911

= ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

f. belzanor ;
f. hesiodus ;
Troides (Troides) rhadamantus rhadamantus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 14, f. 1-4

T. r. plateni (Staudinger, 1888)

Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Dumaran, Busuanga) Ornithoptera plateni Staudinger, 1888; Corres.-Blatt. Ent. Ver. Iris zu Dresden 5: 274
f. flavoradiata Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999
Troides plateni ; [BOR, 22]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 28-32
Troides (Troides) rhadamantus plateni ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 15, f. 1-3

Troides amphrysus (Cramer, [1779])

-. See [About maps] Papilio amphrysus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 43, pl. 219, f. A
Troides amphrysus ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 13 (text)]
Troides amphrysys ; [BOR, 12]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1
Troides (Haugumia) amphrysys ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

995x754 (~52Kb) Tekek/Paya, Tioman, Malaysia, 12-96, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt Troides amphrysus det. Mohd. Fairus Jalil

T. a. amphrysus

Java, Bali Troides amphrysys joanae Parrot, 1991

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

Troides amphrysus amphrysus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 1-3, 12

T. a. ruficollis (Butler, [1879])

Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, Burma Ornithoptera ruficollis Butler, [1879]; Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 (8): 552
Troides amphrysus ruficollis, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides amphrysus ruficollis ; [BMP: 60, pl. 1, f. 7-8]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 19

T. a. euthydemus (Fruhstorfer, 1913)

Sumatra Ornithoptera euthydemus Fruhstorfer, 1913
Troides amphrysus centralis Deslisle, 1993

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

Troides amphrysus euthydemus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 18

T. a. actinotia Jordan, 1909²

S.Borneo Troides amphrysus actinotia ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 5

T. a. flavicollis Druce, 1873²

N.Borneo f.f. olympia Honrath, 1891
Troides amphrysus flavicollis ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 8-9

T. a. niasicus Fruhstorfer, 1897²

Nias Troides amphrysus niasicus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 16-17

T. a. vistara Fruhstorfer, 1906²

Batu Is. Troides amphrysus vistara ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 20-21

T. a. astrea Hayami, 1992

Banyak I. Troides amphrysus astrea ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 6

T. a. arkumene Hayami, 1994

Tioman Troides amphrysus arkumene ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

T. a. chrysomelas Parrott & Schmid, 1984

Natuna Troides amphrysus chrysomelas ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 7

T. a. simeuluensis Ohya, 1985

Simeuluë, Babi I. Troides amphrysus simeuluensis ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 22

T. a. perintis Kobayashi, 1986

Tambelan Is. Troides amphrysus perintis ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 15

T. a. kuris Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987

Anambas I. Troides amphrysus kuris ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 13

T. a. hilbert Hayami, 1992

Karimata Troides amphrysus hilbert ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 10-11

T. a. merah Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992

Simuk, Batu I. Troides amphrysus merah ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 14

T. a. zeus Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992

Sipora, Siberut, Mentawai Troides amphrysus zeus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 23

T. a. naokoae (Morita, 1996) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999

Langkawi Troides amphrysus naokoae Morita, 1996; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

T. a. kecilensis (Schäffer, 1999) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999

P. Laut Kecil Troides amphrysus kecilensis Schäffer, 1999; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, 3, pl. 4

Troides andromache (Staudinger, 1892)

Borneo. See [About maps] Orhithoptera andromache Staudinger, 1892; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris, 5: 379, TL: Mt. Kinabalu?
Troides andromache ; [BOR: 10]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

T. a. andromache

N.Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu) Troides andromache andromache ; [BOR, 10]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 24-25

T. a. marapokensis Fruhstorfer, 1898²

N.Borneo (Mt. Marapok) Troides andromache marapokensis ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 26

T. a. nishikawai Kobayashi, 1992

W.Borneo (Mt. Saran) Troides andromache nishikawai ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 27

Troides cuneifera (Oberthür, 1879)

-. See [About maps] Ornithoptera cuneifera Oberthür, 1879; Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 110, TL: Java
Troides cuneifer ; [EBW]
Troides cuneifera ; [BOR, 12]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

T. c. cuneifera

Java (high elev.) ritsemae Snellen, 1889²

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

tantalus Ehrmann, 1904²

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999 , : 2

Troides cuneifera cuneifera ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 28-29

T. c. sumatranus Hagen, 1894²

Sumatra (high elev.) Troides cuneifera sumatranus ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 31

T. c. paeninsulae (Pendlebury, 1936)

Malaya Papilio paeninsulae Pendlebury, 1936; J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 18 (1): 178, TL: Bukit Kutu, Selangor, Malaysia
Troides cuneifera paeninsulae, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides cuneifer paeninsulae ; [BMP: 60, pl. 1, f. 6]
Troides cuneifera paeninsulae ; (spell.?); Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 30

Troides miranda (Butler, 1869)

-. See [About maps] Papilio miranda Butler, 1869; Lepid. Exotica (1): 3, pl. 1
Troides mirandus ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 11, 13]
Troides miranda ; [BOR, 10]; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

T. m. miranda

N.Borneo f. nigrosuffusa Haugum & Low, 1893
Troides miranda miranda ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 32-35

T. m. neomiranda Fruhstorfer, 1903

W.Sumatra (mountains) zacheri Suffert, 1903²

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

annae Deslisle, 1988²

= ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

Troides miranda neomiranda ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 38-40

T. m. hayamii Kobayashi, 1991

SW.Borneo Troides miranda hayamii ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 36-37

Troides hypolitus (Cramer, 1775)

Moluccas, Celebes. See [About maps] Papilio hypolitus Cramer, 1775; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 10-14
Troides hypolitus ; [BOW: pl. 136, f. 7]; [BOR, 8]

830x700 (~133Kb) upperside male Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

835x696 (~145Kb) underside male Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

T. h. hypolitus

Moluccas Troides hypolitus hypolitus ; [BAUR, 70]

T. h. antiope Rothschild²

Morotai Troides hypolitus antiope ; [BAUR, 70 (text)]

T. h. celluralis Rothschild²

Sulawesi, Talaus Is.

T. h. sulaensis Staudinger²

Sula Is.

Troides brookiana (Wallace, 1855)

Malaysia, Borneo, Balabac Islands. See [About maps] Raja Brooke's Birdwing
Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 3 (Proc.): 104
Trogonoptera brookianus ; [EBW]
Trogonoptera brookiana ; [BOW: pl. 135, f. 19, pl. 136, f. 3]; [BOR, 4]
Trogonoptera brookana brookiana ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5
Troides brookiana ; [BMP: 59]

755x700 (~111Kb) upperside female Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

750x704 (~118Kb) underside female Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

T. b. albescens Rothschild, 1895

Malaysia Troides albescens Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 199
Trogonoptera brookiana albescens, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides brookiana albescens ; [BMP: 59, pl. f. 1, 2]
Trogonoptera brookiana albescens ;

Larva on Aristolochia Nieuwenhuis & Straatman, 1961, [BMP]

T. b. trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860)

Sumatra, Malaysia Papilio trogon Vollenhoven, 1860; Tijdschr. Ent. 3: 69, pl. 6, TL: Sumatra interior
Trogonoptera brookiana r. mollumar D'Abrera, Dogget & Parker, 1976; Vict. Nat. 93: 22
Trogonoptera brookiana trogon ; [BOR, 4]
Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar ; [BOR, 4]
Troides brookiana trogon ; [BMP: 59, pl. 1, f. 1]

T. b. natunensis Rothschild

Natuna Islands

Troides trojana (Honrath, 1886)

Philippines (Palawan). See [About maps] Trogonoptera trojana Honrath, 1886; : 3
Trogonoptera trojana ; [EBW]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5, pl. 13, f. 1-3

Larva on Aristolochia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5

Troides priamus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon Is., N.Australia. See [About maps] Papilio priamus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 458
Papilio archideus Gray, [1853]
Papilio cronius C. & R. Felder, 1864
Papilio pegasus C. & R. Felder, 1864
Papilio triton C. & R. Felder, 1864
Papilio kirschi Oberthür, 1888
Troides brunneus Rothschild, 1895
Papilio boreas Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 349 [? or 15:]
Ornithoptera aurago Fruhstorfer, 1913
Ornithoptera lavata Fruhstorfer, 1913
Ornithoptera nivalis Fruhstorfer, 1913
Papilio aureopunctata Dufrane, 1930
Papilio nigropunctata Dufrane, 1930
Papilio paradoxa Dufrane, 1930
Papilio decora Niepelt, 1934
Papilio obscura Niepelt, 1934
Papilio papuensis Niepelt, 1934
Papilio radiata Niepelt, 1934
Papilio ornata Niepelt, 1934
Papilio albiplaga Röber, 1937
Troides akakeoides Haugum & Low, 1981
Troides pseudotroides Haugum & Low, 1981
Ornithoptera flammeus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera fuscuocellus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera latimarginata Sumiyoshi, 1989
Ornithoptera michikoae Sumiyoshi, 1989
Ornithoptera multicolorei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera radialei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera radians Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera titanoides Sumiyoshi, 1989
Troides priamus, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Ornithoptera priamus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 9]; [BAUR, 46]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1

Larva on Aristolochia deltantha, Aristolochia praevenosa, A. tagala, A. spp., A. indica? K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

T. p. priamus

Moluccas (Ambon, Ceram, Haruku, Saparoea) Papilio panthous Linnaeus, 1758

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1

f. divina Fruhstorfer, 1913
f. viridocellularis Schäffler, 2001
f. fasciata Schäffler, 2001
f. addenda Fruhstorfer, 1913
f. harukensis Schäffler, 2001
f. pseudobrunneus Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus priamus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1

T. p. euphorion (Gray, [1853])

Queensland Cairns Birdwing
Papilio euphorion Gray, [1853]
cassandra (Scott, 1864) (Ornithoptera)

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

pronomus Semper, 1878²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

f. cassandra Haugum & Low, 1979
f. atsukoae (Okano, 1980) (Ornithoptera)
f. kogane (Okano, 1980) (Ornithoptera)
f. aureomacula (Sumiyoshi, 1989) (Ornithoptera)
f. beuriei (Parrot & Deslisle, 1989) (Ornithoptera)
f. supermultispot von Knötgen, 1997
Ornithoptera priamus euphorion ; [EBW]; [BAUR, 50, 56]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus euphorion ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2, pl. 12 (gyn.morph)

T. p. richmondia (Gray, [1853])

S.Queensland, N.New South Wales Richmond Birdwing
Papilio richmondia Gray, [1853]
australis (Swainson, 1851) (Amphrisius)
f. reducta (Haugum & Low, 1979) (Ornithoptera)
richmondii ; Schneider, 1895
richmondius ; Rothschild, 1895
richmundia ; Borch & Schmid, 1973
Ornithoptera priamus richmondia ; [EBW]
Ornithoptera richmondia ; [BAUR, 52]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus richmondia ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

T. p. macalpinei Moulds, 1974

N.Queensland macalpinei (Moulds, 1974) (Ornithoptera)

= ?Ornithoptera priamus pronomus ;

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus macalpinei ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

T. p. impensus Parrott, 1990²

Moluccas (Manipa I.) Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus impensus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

T. p. gebeensis Parrott, 1990²

Moluccas (Gebe I.) latimarginata Sumiyoshi, 1989²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus gebeensis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2, pl. 6, f. 1-2

T. p. hecuba Röber, 1891²

Moluccas (Kai Is., Tayandu I.) Ornithoptera priamus tayandensis von Knötgen, 1997

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

f.loc. albireo Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987; , TL: ?Kur I.,?Watubela I.

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

f. kibleri Przegendza, 1912
f. virido-cellularis Przegendza, 1912
f. transiens Przegendza, 1912
f. nigra Przegendza, 1912
f. immaculata Przegendza, 1912
f. flavomaculata Przegendza, 1912
f. inaureomaculata Przegendza, 1912
f. femineus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
f. cyanoides Haugum & Low, 1979
f. margaretae Bryk, 1918
f. flavescens Hulstaert, 1924
Ornithoptera priamus albireo ; von Knötgen
Ornithoptera priamus hecuba ; [BAUR, 48]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus hecuba ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. arruana Felder, 1859²

Aru Is.

arruanus Oberthür, 1879² f. viridocellularis Haugum & Low, 1981 f. chrysophila Rothschild, 1908

f. eumaeus Rippon, 1908 f. caramalei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989

Ornithoptera priamus arruana ; [BAUR, 48 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus arruana ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. poseidon Doubleday, 1847

W.Irian - Papua, Waigeu, Salawati New Guinea Birdwing
Ornithoptera poseidon Doubleday, 1847; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. [1] 19 (125): 173
Ornithoptera valentina Vuillot, 1892

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

eudamides Fruhstorfer, 1913²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

Ornithoptera eurysaces Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 131

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

aureus Parrott, 1987²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

sterrensis Parrott, 1990²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

f. viridocellularis Schäffler, 2001
f. melaina Schäffler, 2001
f. muckai Schäffler, 2001
f. lemoulti (Dufrane, 1946) (Papilio)
f. beigeli Schäffler, 2001
eurysaches ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3 (missp.?)
Ornithoptera priamus poseidon ; [BAUR, 48]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus poseidon ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. teucrus (Joicey & Talbot, 1916)

Biak I. f. aurora Ohya, 1999
f. unipunctata (Dufrane, 1946) (Papilio)
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus teucrus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. kasandra Kobayashi, 1994²

Yapen I. Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus kasandra ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. demophanes (Fruhstorfer, 1913)

Trobriand, D'Enrecasteaux, Fergusson, Kiriwina, Engineer f.loc. medeia Kobayashi, 1987
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus demophanes ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

T. p. boisduvalii (Montrouzier, 1856)

Woodlark I. oceanus (Felder, 1864)

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus boisduvalii ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

T. p. pronomus (Gray, [1853])

N.Queensland Papilio pronomus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 2, n. 3, pl. 1, f. 1, TL: Cape York?
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus pronomus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

T. p. bornemanni Pagenstecher, 1894²

New Britain, Witu Is. f. viridilineata Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera priamus bornemanni ; [BAUR, 52]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus bornemanni ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

T. p. miokensis Ribbe, 1898²

Mioko Is. f. icarus Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera priamus miokensis ; [BAUR, 54]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus miokensis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4, pl. 7, f. 1

T. p. caelestis Rothschild, 1898²

Louisiad I. f. flavopunctata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935
Ornithoptera priamus caelestis ; [EBW]
Ornithoptera caelestis ; [BAUR, 54]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus caelestis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

T. p. urvillianus Guérin-Méneville, 1830²

Admiralty Is., Solomon Is., New Ireland, New Hanover D'Urville's Birdwing
Papilio burkei Clark, 1944; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 57: ?, TL: S. Solomon Is.

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

f. flavomaculata Ribbe, 1898
f. viridescens Kaiser, 1917
f. radiata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935
f. fuscapallida Rousseau-Decelle, 1935
Ornithoptera urvillianus ; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 2-3]
Ornithoptera urvilliana ; [BAUR, 56-59]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus urvillianus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

Larva on Aristolochia parvenosa, A. indica, A. deltantha, A. elegans [BAUR]

T. p. admiralitatis Rothschild, 1915²

Admiralty Is. f. moinieri Blandin, 1969
Ornithoptera priamus admiralitatis ; [BAUR, 54 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus admiralitatis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

Troides rothschildi Kenrick, 1911²

Afrak Mts., West Irian. See [About maps] Rothschild's Birdwing
f. oceanus Schäffler, 2001
f. kenricki Haugum & Low, 1979
f. kirschoides Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera rothschildi; [BAUR: 17]
Ornithoptera rothschildi ; [EBW]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) rothschildi ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 20

Troides goliath Oberthür²

Waigeu, New Guinea. See [About maps] goliath Oberthür²; Etudes d'Entomologie, 12: 1
Ornithoptera goliath ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 10]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) goliath ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

T. g. goliath

Waigeo, New Guinea, Goodenough Is. goliath supremus Röber²
goliath atlas Rothschild²; (Kaupaur)
Ornithoptera goliath goliath ; [BAUR, 66]

T. g. procus Rothschild, 1914²

Serang f. nigraocellatus Haugum & Low, 1981
f. confluenta Schäffler, 2001
f. albopuncta Ohya, 1983
Ornithoptera goliath procus ; [BAUR, 66-69]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath procus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 22

T. g. atlas Rothschild, 1908²

Onin Peninsula, Weyland Mts. f. albiflora Symiyoshi, 1989
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath atlas ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

T. g. samson Niepelt, 1913²

Afrak Mts., Irian Jaya joiceyi Noakes & Talbot, 1915²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath samson ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

T. g. supremus Röber, 1896²

Huon Peninsula, Bismarcks, Goodenough I.

goliath elisabethai-reginae Horváth & Mocsáry, 1899² goliath titan Grose-Smith, 1900² goliath huebneri Rumbucher, 1973²

goliath kikoriensis Szent-Ivani, 1975² f. aurifer Haugum & Low, 1979 f. schmidi Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath supremus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

T. g. ukihidei Hanafusa, 1994²

Yapei I. f. edouardei Deslisle, 1995
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath ukihidei ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 23

T. g. sorongensis Morita & Sugiyama, 1998²

Sorong Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath sorongensis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7, pl. 21

Troides chimaera Rothschild, 1904

New Guinea. See [About maps] Troides chimaera Rothschild, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 (1): 311, pl. 3, f. 25
Ornithoptera chimaera ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 6]; [BAUR, 64]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

T. c. chimaera

Owen Stanley, Bismarc Range

f. aurata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935 f. sagnifluens Rousseau-Decelle, 1935 f. herminea Rousseau-Decelle, 1935

f. confluenta Haugum & Low, 1979 f. excellens Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera chimaera ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

T. c. flavidior Rothschild, 1913

Peninsula Huon Troides chimaera flavidior Rothschild, 1913; Novit. Zool. 20 (2): 278 or 279
chimaera draco Rousseau-Decelle, 1935²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera flavidior ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

T. c. charybdis van Eecke, 1915²

Weyland Mts.

f. aurata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935 f. sagnifluens Rousseau-Decelle, 1935 f. confluenta Haugum & Low, 1979

f. polyconfluenta Ohya, 1983 f. quinquemaculata Parrott & Deslisle, 1986

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera charybdis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7, pl. 24, f. 1-4, pl. 25, f. 1-4

Troides tithonus (de Haan, 1841)

New Guinea. See [About maps] tithonus (de Haan, 1841); Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. Ned. Overzee. Bezitt. (Zool.): 18
Ornithoptera tithonius ; [EBW]
Ornithoptera tithonus[sic?] ; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 6 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

T. t. tithonus

SW.West Irian prominens Joicey & Noakes, 1916²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

Ornithoptera tithonus tithonus ; [BAUR, 64]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus tithonus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8, pl. 34-35

T. t. waigeuensis Rothschild, 1897²

Waigeu I. Ornithoptera tithonus waigeuensis ; [BAUR, 64 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus waigeuensis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

T. t. misresiana Joicey & Noakes, 1916²

Arfak Mts.

f. lowi Haugum & Low, 1979 f. ichwani Kobayashi & Hayami, 1980 f. crepusculum Parrott & Deslisle, 1986

f. rubicunda Parrott & Deslisle, 1986 f. confluenta von Knötgen, 1997 f. aurata Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus misresiana ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9

T. t. cytherea Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1980²

Enarotali, Wamena, E.Nassau Range Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus cytherea ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9

T. t. misoolana Deslisle, 1985²

Misool I. Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus misoolana ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

T. t. makikoae Morita, 1998²

Timika Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus makikoae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9, pl. 26-27

T. t. dominici Schäffler, 2001

Mt. Irau, Mt. Kwoka f.loc. erwini Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: pl. 30-33
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus dominic ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8, pl. 28-29

Troides paradisea (Staudinger, 1893)

New Guinea. See [About maps] Ornithoptera paradisea Staudinger, 1893; Ent. Nachr. ??19: 178
Schoenbergia schoenbergi Pagenstecher, 1893; Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 46: 35
Ornithoptera paradisea ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 13, 14]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10

T. p. paradisea

NE.New Guinea f. aurifluoides Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera paradisea paradisea ; [BAUR, 62]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea paradisea ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10

T. p. flavescens Rothschild, 1897²

Etna (Kiruri), W.Irian Ornithoptera paradisea flavescens ; [BAUR, 62 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea flavescens ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 42

T. p. borchi Haugum & Low, 1974²

Prince-Alexander Range f. aurifluoides Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea borchi ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11

T. p. chrysanthemum Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979²

Arfak Mts. f.loc ornatum Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 40
f.loc sabinae Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: 12, pl. 41
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea chrysanthemum ; Schäffler, 2001, ::BW#: 11

T. p. demeter So & Sato, 1998²

Lake Kutubu Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea demeter ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 43

T. p. detanii Schäffler, 2001

Snow Mts. Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea detanii ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 12, pl. 44-47

Troides meridionalis Rothschild, 1897²

New Guinea. See [About maps] Ornithoptera meridionalis ; [BAUR: 180]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 15 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis ; Schäffler, 20001, : 12

T. m. meridionalis

Ornithoptera meridionalis meridionalis ; [BAUR, 62]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis meridionalis ; Schäffler, 20001, : 12

T. m. tarunggarensis Joicey & Talbot, 1927²

Wanggar Ornithoptera meridionalis tarunggarensis ; [BAUR, 62 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis tarunggarensis ; Schäffler, 20001, : 13

Troides alexandrae (Rothschild, 1907)

SE.Papua. See [About maps] Queen Alexandra's Birdwing
Ornithoptera alexandrae Rothschild, 1907
f. atavis Rumbucher, 1973
f. diva Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera alexandrae ; [EBW]
Ornithoprera alexandrae ; [BAUR, 44]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) alexandrae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13, pl. 52

Larva on Aristolochia [BAUR]

Troides victoriae (Gray, 1856)

Solomon Is.. See [About maps] Ornithoptera victoriae Gray, 1856; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., Pt. 24: 7, pl. 39
Ornithoptera victoriae ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 133, f. 1, pl. 134, f. 1]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. victoriae

Guadalcanal, Florida Group f. niclasi Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera victoriae victoriae ; [BAUR, 42 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae victoriae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. regis Rothschild, 1895²

Bougainville victoriae resplendens Ehrmann, 1925²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

victoriae buinensis Le Moult, 1912²

= ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

f. gabrieli Le Moult, 1911
f. brabanti Le Moult, 1911
f. alexisi Le Moult, 1911
f. lanieli Le Moult, 1912
f. brabanti Le Moult, 1912
f. infanta Bryk & Peebles, 1932
f. ponceletanus Rousseau-Decelle, 1946
f. niclasi Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera victoriae regis ; [BAUR, 42]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae regis ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. archeri Calderara, 1984²

f. niclasi Schäffler, 2001
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae archeri ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. isabellae Rothschild & Jordan, 1901²

Isabel Is. Ornithoptera victoriae isabellae ; [BAUR, 42 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae isabellae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. reginae Godman & Salvin, 1888²

Malaita f. rubesco Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera victoriae reginae ; [BAUR, 42 (text)]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae reginae ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. rubianus Rothschild, 1904²

Rubiana, Rendova, Kolombangara f. noellann Rumbucher, 1973
f. niclasi Schäffler, 2001
f. gisoensis Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera victoriae rubianus ; [BAUR, 43]
Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae rubianus ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. epiphanes Schmid, 1970²

San Cristoval Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae epiphanes ; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13

T. v. maramasikensis Morita, 2000²

Maramasike Is. Ornithoptera (Aetheoptera) victoriae maramasikensis ; Schäffer, 2001, : 13, pl. 48

Troides allottei Rothschild, 1914

Bougainville. See [About maps] Troides allottei Rothschild, 1914; Novit. Zool. 21: 275
Ornithoptera allotei[?] ; [EBW]; [BAUR, 46]

31.8.2008 (34)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAUR]

D'Abrera, 1977; Butterflies of the Australian Region (2nd edn)

[BHR]

D'Abrera; Butterflies of the Holarctic Region, Part I-III

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BMP]

Eliot (Ed.), Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992; The Butterflies of The Malay Peninsula; 4th edition; ISBN 983-9681-05-2

[BOR]

D'Abrera, B., 1982, 1985, 1986; Butterflies of the Oriental Region, Part I-III

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[Don Herbison-Evans]

and Stella A. Crossley; Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[Mohd. Fairus Jalil]

Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu; Sabah, Malaysia; http://www.geocities.com/mohdfairus.geo/intro.html

[S. Shuichi Haupt]

e-mail: S. Shuichi Haupt; http://www.tu-berlin.de/fb7/ioeb/biologie/stefan.htm

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Bates, 1875

The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China and China, or ten years' Travels, Adventures and Residence abroad in Thomson. The Straits of Malacca, ... (Appendix, Diurnal Lepidoptera of Siam): 545-546

Boisduval, [1832]

Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-