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Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Papilio Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 458, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Pterourus Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433, TS: Papilio troilus Linnaeus
Princeps Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pl. [116], TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Amaryssus Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 60, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Jasoniades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio turnus Linnaeus

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Euphoeades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio glaucus Linnaeus

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Heraclides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus
Orpheides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86 (suppr. ICZN Op. 178 to Princeps Hübner, [1807]), TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Nestorides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio gambrisius Cramer
Calaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio androgeos Cramer

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Priamides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 87, TS: Priamides hipponous Hübner

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Iliades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio memnon Linnaeus
Menelaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Troilides Hübner, [1825]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [111], TS: Troilides tros Hübner

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Clytia Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 120 (nec Lamouroux, 1812), TS: Papilio clytia Linnaeus
Thoas Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 121, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Aernauta Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 106-109, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Caudati Koch, 1860; (unavail.)

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Pyrrhosticta Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 86, TS: Papilio laetitia Butler

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Druryia Aurivillius, 1881; Ent. Tidskr. 2: 44, TS: Papilio antimachus Drury
Chilasa Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153, TS: Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus
Harimala Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145, TS: Papilio crino Fabricius
Charus Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149, TS: Papilio helenus Linnaeus
Sarbaria Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 258, TS: Papilio polyctor Boisduval
Cadugoides Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 260, TS: Papilio agestor Gray
Sainia Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 260, TS: Papilio protenor Cramer
Araminta Moore, 1886; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 21 (1): 50, TS: Papilio demolion Cramer
Euploeopsis de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, (II) 55 (5): 433, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Menamopsis de Nicéville, 1887; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1887: 433, TS: Papilio tavoyanus Butler
Pangeranopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 374, TS: Papilio elephenor Doubleday
Panosmiopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1886; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 374, TS: Papilio rhetenor Westwood
Isamiopsis Moore, 1888; Descr. new indian Lep. Insects Coll. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Tamera Moore, 1888; Descr. new indian Lep. Insects Coll. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio castor Westwood
Achivus Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 286, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Eques Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 290 (nec Bloch, 1793), TS: Papilio nireus Linnaeus
Icarus Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186 (nec Forbes, 1844), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Melindopsis Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 461, TS: Papilio rex Oberthür
Iterus Donitz, 1899; Berl. ent. Z. 44, SitzBer.: (22), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Sadengia Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 (59): 213, TS: Papilio nephelus Boisduval
Heterocreon Kirby, [1904]; in Hübner, Samml. exot. Schmett. (Wytsman's facsim.), Additional Notes: 101, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Mimbyasa Evans, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (3): 972, TS: Papilio janaka Moore
Agehana Matsumura, 1936; Insecta Matsumurana, 10 (3): 86, TS: Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan
Eleppone Hancock, 1979
Motasiona Niculescu, 1979

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 35, TS: Papilio xuthus Linnaeus
Papilio, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Chares ; Swinhoe, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885 (1): 145 (missp. of Charus) Priamedes ; Grote, 1899, : 26 (missp. of Priamides Hübner, [1819]) Caliades ; dos Passos, 1964, (missp. [? of Calaides]) Druryeia ; [EBW, (missp.)] Chilasa (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

Achillides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8 Papilio (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8 Menelaides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9 Heraclides (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 94] Pterourus (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 96] Papilio (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 96]; [AfrL]

800x657 (~158Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, August, 2002), Photo © Erich Mangl

The exact identification of this species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

EU, NAF, Temperate Asia, NA. See [About maps] Ritariperhonen Makaonfjäril Riddarfjäril Schwalbenschwanz Swallowtail Common Yellow Swallowtail Old World Swallowtail Artemisia Swallowtail Le Grand Porte-queue Makaon Paź królowej
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462, TL: Sweden
sphyrus Hübner, 1823
Papilio machaon, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Papilio machaon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio machaon, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Papilio machaon, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Papilio machaon, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Papilio machaon, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio machaon, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio machaon, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Papilio machaon, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Papilio machaon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [BIR, 395]; [BRU, 149]; [H&R, 35]; [BOR, 60]; [NACL, #4166]; [NAB, 333]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 5]; [MRS, 159]; [BNA: 164, pl. 7]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #121]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Papilio (Papilio) machaon ; [AfrL]

500x345 (~52Kb) upperside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x377 (~38Kb) underside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	600x429 (~75Kb) upperside Finland, Konnevesi, June 1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen
358x480 (~21Kb) larva Northern Poland, Biebrza river, 20.8.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski	500x750 (~31Kb) larva Finland, Sotkamo, Kontinjoki 711:54, 21.7.1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen	1047x773 (~55Kb) larva Asamushi, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
596x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	475x523 (~116Kb) male female (copulation) The steppe-meadow top of the hill Sopka Lysaya of the hill chain called Bugotakskie Sopki, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. Flat and woody surroundings are seen. 12th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	596x400 (~36Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
596x400 (~42Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	750x507 (~40Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	750x504 (~38Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
750x495 (~71Kb) upperside Sipoo 670:40, ex.l. 17.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	900x1242 (~202Kb) Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x1406 (~159Kb) Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004 (on Cichorium intybus), Photo © Markku Savela
800x600 (~154Kb) Poland: Podkarpacie - Region, Zalesie Antoniowskie, 15.8.2005, Photo © Jaroslaw Bury	1200x987 (~128Kb) Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 22.08.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant

Larva on Umbelliferae, Cicuta virosa, Carum carvi, Pimpinella saxifraga, Aegopodium podagraria, Anethum graveolens, Angelica silvestris, A. archangelica, Levisticum officinale, Peucedanum palustre, Pastinaca sativa, Heracleum sphondylium, Daucus carota [SPRK], Daucus spp., Foeniculum vulgare, Heracleum spp. [MRS]

P. m. machaon

C.Europe

P. m. asiaticus Ménétriés

Papilio machaon ladakensis Moore; (sensu MRS)
Papilio machaon asiaticus ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864

Japan Papilio hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 314, TL: Japan
Papilio machaon hippocrates ; [Oleg Kosterin]

806x618 (~77Kb) A grassy bank pond, Dragonfly Biotope Ponds, Hiraoka, Ikazaki-cho, Ehime-ken, Shikoku-Chiho, Japan. 7th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. m. bairdii Edwards, 1866

Nevada - Kansas, Arizona, Colorado Western Black Swallowtail
Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (4): 200, TL: Fort Whipple, nr. Prescott, Arizona
Papilio asterius var. utahensis Strecker, [1878]; , TL: Utah

= ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio hollandii Edwards, 1892; Can. Ent. 24: 50, TL: Colorado

= ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio machaon bairdii, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio machaon bairdii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]
Papilio bairdii hollandii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4164]; [NAB, 331]
Papilio bairdi ; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11 (text only)]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [BNA, 168]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

P. m. aliaska Scudder, 1869

Chukot Peninsula, Alaska - N.British Columbia machaon aliaska Scudder, 1869; Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 12: 45
joannisi Verity, 1905
petersii A. H. Clark, 1932
Papilio machaon aliaska, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio machaon aliaska ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4166a]; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia norvegica ssp. arctica, Heracleum lanatum [BNA]

P. m. oregonius Edwards, 1876

S.British Columbia - Oregon, Idaho Oregon Swallowtail
Papilio oregonia Edwards, 1876; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5: 208, TL: Columbia River, nr. The Dalles
Papilio machaon Hagen, 1882, not Linnaeus, 1758
?Papilio bairdii oregonia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii oregonius ;
Papilio oregonius ; [NACL, #4165]; [NAB, 332]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon oregonius ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus [BNA]

P. m. ladakensis Moore, 1884

E.Pamirs

P. m. sikkimensis Moore, 1884

Tibet Papilio machaon sikkimensis ; Huang, 2001; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

1024x768 (~124Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. m. centralis Staudinger, 1886

Turan, W.Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs

P. m. brucei Edwards, 1893

Alberta, Saskatchewan - Nebraska, Utah Papilio brucei Edwards, 1893; Can. Ent. 25: 253, TL: nom. nud?
Papilio brucei Edwards, 1895; , TL: Colorado

= Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio machaon[?] dodi McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (216-217), TL: Red Deer River, Gleichen, MT

= ; [BNA, 167]

Papilio baidii brucei ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio bairdii dodi ;
Papilio oregonius dodi ; [NACL, #4165a]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon brucei ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus, Petasites frigidus var. palmatus [BNA]

P. m. montanus Alphéraky, 1897

W.Sichuan, SW.Gansu, E.Qinghai, NW.Yunnan Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897; , TL: Ta-tsien-lu
Papilio machaon alpherakyi Bang-Haas, 1933; , TL: Gansu
Papilio machaon minschani Bang-Haas; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon chinensomandschuriensis Eller, 1939; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon hieromax Hemming, 1934; (unnec. repl. Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897)
Papilio machaon montanus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

P. m. kamtschadalus Alphéraky, 1897

Kamchatka

P. m. mauretanica Verity, 1905

N.Africa Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12, pl. 2, f. 5, TL: Algeria
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Blachier, 1908; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 77: 209, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 92, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. caerulescens Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 139, f. 5, TL: Harrach, Algeria
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. djezïrensis Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 140, TL: Algeria
Papilio sphyrus Hübner, [1823]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 155 (1822-1823), f. 775-776
Papilio machaon machaon maxima Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 52, f. 2, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon maxima gen.aest. angulata Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 60, f. 14, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon f. chrysostoma Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48: 41, f. 1, TL: Tunisia
Papilio machaon mauretanica ; [BMAT, 3, pl. 1, f. 1-2]

600x435 (~47Kb) larva Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	435x600 (~37Kb) larva Morocco, Siroua, Anti-Atlas , Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~39Kb) upperside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
600x435 (~41Kb) underside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~42Kb) male female Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Haplophyllum tuberculatum, Bupleurum fruticescens, Daucus carota, Seseli varium, Ruta graveolens, Ruta chalepensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula communis, Dictamnus sp., Artemisia sp. [BMAT]

P. m. verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907

N.Burma, Shan States, S.Yunnan Papilio verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (41): 301, TL: Yunnan
Papilio machaon verityi, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio machaon verityi ; [MRS, 159]; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

Larva on Umbelliferae [MRS]

P. m. archias Fruhstorfer, 1907

S.Sichuan Papilio machaon archias Fruhstorfer, 1907; , TL: Sichuan, Fou-Lin
Papilio machaon archias ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. birmanicus Rothschild, 1908

S.Shan States Papilio machaon birmanicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 168, TL: Shan States
Papilio machaon birmanicus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (ntoe)

P. m. ussuriensis Sheljuzhko, 1910

Amur (south), N/C.Ussuri

P. m. neochinensis Sheljuzhko

Papilio machaon neochinensis ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. lapponica Verity, 1911

N.Europe

P. m. orientis Verity, 1911

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Amur (north), Far East

P. m. septentrionalis Verity, 1911

Kurile Islands Papilio machaon chishimana Matsumura, 1928

P. m. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911

Sakhalin

P. m. oreinus Sheljuzhko, 1919

Tian-Shan

P. m. gorganus Fruhstorfer, 1922

S.Europe, Urals, Caucasus Major

P. m. hudsonianus Clark, 1932

Alberta - Quebec avinoffi F. & R. Chermock, 1937
Papilio machaon hudsonianus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
?Papilio machaon hudsonianus f. comstocki ; [BNA, 167]
Papilio machaon hudsonianus ; [NACL, #4166b]; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera [BNA]

P. m. sylvinus Hemming

Papilio machaon sylvinus ; [MRS, 159]

Larva on Angelica dahurica, A. hirsutiflora, Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Daucus carota, Peucedanum formosanum [MRS]

P. m. syriacus Verity, 1908

Caucasus Minor, Armenia, Talysh Mts Papilio machaon syriaca[?] Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12
Papilio (Papilio) machaon syriacus ; [AfrL]

P. m. taliensis Eller, 1939

N.Yunnan Papilio machaon taliensis Eller, 1939; , TL: Dali
Papilio machaon taliensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

P. m. kunkalaschani Eller, 1939

W.Sichuan Papilio machaon kunkalaschani ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. suroia Tytler, 1939

Manipur, Assam, NE.India Papilio machaon suroia ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976

Kopet-Dagh

P. m. schapiroi Seyer, 1976

S.Ussuri

?P. m. pikei Sperling, 1987

pikei Sperling, 1987; , TL: Dunvegan, Alberta
Papilio oregonius pikei ; [BOC, 117]

P. m. muetingi Seyer, 1976

S.Arabia Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26: 74
Papilio (Papilio) machaon muetingi ; [AfrL]

P. m. kiyonobu Morita, 1997

Tibet

P. m. chinensis Verity, 1905

Sichuan, ...? Papilio machaon chinensis Verity, 1905; , TL: Sichuan, Venchuan
Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen
?Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936; , TL: Tsingtau
Papilio machaon venchuanus ; [MRS, 159]
Papilio machaon chinensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. annae Gistel

Papilio machaon annae ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. baijangensis Huang & Murayama

Papilio machaon baijangenis ; [MRS, 159]

Papilio saharae Oberthür, 1879

N.Africa, Arabia. See [About maps] Papilio machaon var. saharae Oberthür, 1879; Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 68, TL: Laghouat, Algeria
Papilio machaon var. hospitonides Oberthür, 1888; Etudes d'Entomologie, 12: 12 (larva), TL: Biskra, Algeria
Papilio machaon saharae f. xanthosoma Turati, 1924; Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 63: 27, pl. 1, f. 1, TL: Bengazi, Libya
Papilio saharae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio (Papilio) saharae ; [AfrL]

600x435 (~16Kb) larva Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

600x435 (~41Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Deverra scopularia, D. chloranthus, D. tortuosus, Seseli varium [BMAT]

Larva on (Saudi Arabia) Ferula sinaica, Pycnocycla glauca [BMAT]

P. s. saharae

Papilio saharae saharae ; [BMAT: 3, pl. 1, f. 3-5, 10]

P. s. rathjensi Warnecke, 1932

Yemen, SW.Saudi-Arabia Papilio saharae rathjensi Warnecke, 1932; Int. ent. Zs. 25: 473, TL: Yemen
Papilio (Papilio) saharae rathjensi ; [AfrL]

Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839

Corsica, Sardinia. See [About maps] Corsican Swallowtail
Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839; Mem. Acad. Torin.: 43, pl. 2, f. 20-21, TL: Tortoli, Sardinia
Papilio hospiton, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio hospiton ; [H&R, 35]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Umbelliferae, Foeniculum vulgare [H&R]

Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800

SEU, Asia Minor, S.Balkans, W.Asia, Iran, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan. See [About maps] Southern Swallowtail Baluchi Yellow Swallowtail
Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (8-9): 89, pl. 110, TL: Nice, France
Papilio alexanor, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio alexanor, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio alexanor ; [BIR, 396]; [BRU, 150]; [H&R, 36]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 4]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Umbelliferae, Trinia vulgaris, Seseli montanum, Ptychotis heterophylla [H&R], Falcaria vulgaris, Seseli libanotis, Torilis heterophylla, Ferula karategina, F. ugamica [BRU]

P. a. alexanor

Papilio alexanor alexanor ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): pl. XVII, f. 3a

P. a. destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983

Papilio alexanor destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983; Alexanor 13: (16-20)
Papilio alexanor destelensis ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75 (note), pl. XVII, f. 3c

P. a. radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991

Papilio alexanor radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991; Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75, pl. XVII, f. 1-2, 3b, 4, TL: Piemonte, Valdieri

Larva on Trinia glauca Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 77

P. a. orientalis Romanov, 1884

Armenia

P. a. hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961

Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghisar Papilio alexanor hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 2, TL: Joshanak Valley, S. of Band-iAmir, W. Koh-i-Baba Mts., 9500ft

P. a. judeus Staudinger, 1893

Ghissar, Alai alexanor maccabeus Staudinger, 1891; (nom. praeoccup.)

P. a. voldemar Kreuzberg, 1989

W.Tian-Shan

Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866

-. See [About maps] Indra Swallowtail Short-tailed Black Swallowtail Cliff Swallowtail
Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6: 123, TL: Pike's Peak, Colorado
Papilio indra indra, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio indra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4168]; [NAB, 335]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 7]; [BNA: 175, pl. 7, 8]; [BOC, 120]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #120]

700x597 (~57Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x739 (~92Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Cymopterus purpurea, C. panamintensis var. acutifolius, Aletes acaulis, Harbouria trachypleura, Lomatium lucidum, L. parryi, L. nuttallii, L. eastwoodi, L. marginatum, L. scabrum, L. latilobum, L. junceum, L. grayi, L. triternatum, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Pteryxia hendersonii, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, less Thamnosma montana [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

P. i. indra

NW.USA Papilio indra indra ; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. minori Cross, 1936

Colorado Papilio indra minori, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra minori ; [NACL, #4168a]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. pergamus H. Edwards, 1874

W.California indra pergamus H. Edwards, 1874; , TL: California
Papilio indra pergamus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio indra pergamus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra pergamus ; [NACL, #4168b]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #120a]

P. i. kaibabensis Bauer, 1955

Arizona Papilio indra kaibabensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra kaibabensis ; [NACL, #4168c]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. fordi Comstock & Martin, 1956

E.California Papilio indra fordi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra fordi ; [NACL, #4168d]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. martini T. & J. Emmel, 1966

Papilio indra martini, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra martini ; [NACL, #4168e]

P. i. nevadensis T. & J. Emmel, 1971

Papilio indra nevadensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra nevadensis ; [NACL, #4168f]

P. i. panamintensis Emmel, 1982

P. i. phyllisae Emmel, 1982

Papilio indra phyllisae, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. shastensis Emmel & Emmel, 1998

California (Napa Co.) - S.Oregon Papilio indra shastensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998

California Papilio indra calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998; , TL: California
Papilio indra calcicola, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin,1998

California Papilio indra pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin,1998; , TL: Dead Mountains in San Bernardino, California

P. i. bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000

Utah Papilio indra bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000; , TL: Utah

Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869

S.Labrador, Newfoundland. See [About maps] Short-tailed Swallowtail
Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869; Packard's Guide Ins.: 245
Papilio asterius Gosse, 1840; (not Stoll, 1782)
Papilio anticostiensis Strecker, 1873
Papilio medicandus Bryk, 1930
Papilio brevicauda brevicauda, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio brevicauda, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio brevicauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3; [NACL, #4162]; [NAB, 330]; [BNA: 174, pl. 7]; [Opler]

Larva on Ligusticum scothicum, Coelopleurum lucidum, Heracleum lanatum, Angelica atropurpurea, Pastinaca sativa, Conioselinum chinense, Daucus carota var. sativus, Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Dictamnus albus? [BNA]

P. b. brevicauda

Newfoundland Papilio brevicauda brevicauda ; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. b. gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934

Labrador Papilio brevicauda gaspeensis ; [NACL, #4162a]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. b. bretonensis McDunnough, 1939

Papilio brevicauda bretonensis McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (153-158), TL: ?Cape Breton I.
Papilio brevicauda bretonensis ; [NACL, #4162b]

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775

-. See [About maps] Black Swallowtail Eastern Black Swallowtail American Swallowtail
Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 444, TL: America
asterioides Eimer, 1895, not Reakirt, 1866
?amplicata Ménétriés, 1857; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 99
Papilio polyxenes, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
?Papilio polyxenes amplicata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Papilio polyxenes ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 242; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4; [NACL, #4150]; [NAB, 327]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11]; [BNA: 171, pl. 6-8]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #122]

700x534 (~118Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1200x830 (~122Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x875 (~94Kb) underside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x1050 (~238Kb) upperside female USA: Alabama, 8.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	900x971 (~120Kb) underside female USA: Alabama, 14.8.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1500x996 (~170Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x930 (~431Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x1258 (~118Kb) USA: Alabama, 20.5.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Daucus carota, Apiaceae, Rutaceae, Ruta graveolens, Thamnosma texana [NAB]

Larva on Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]

P. p. polyxenes

Cuba Papilio philoxenes ; Holland, 1927, (missp.)
Papilio polyxenes polyxenes ; [NL4A, #122a]; [Bernard Rond]

P. p. asterius Stoll, 1782

E.USA, S.USA, Mexico - Nicaragua Papilio asterius Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): pl. 385, f. C, D
Papilio ajax Linnaeus, 1758; (part, rej. name ICZN Op. 286)
troilus Drury, 1773, not Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio asterius var. ampliata Ménétriés, 1857; , TL: N.Amer.

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio calverleyi Grote, 1864; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., 2: 441, TL: New York

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterioides Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331, TL: Mexico

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. viridis Cockerell, 1889

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. alunata Skinner & Aaron, 1889; Can. Ent. 21: 127, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio mediocauda Eimer, 1895; , TL: "Canada?"

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. semi-alba Ehrmann, 1900; Canad. Ent. 32: 348, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio polyxenes var. curvifascia Skinner, 1902; Entomol. News 13: 183, TL: New Mexico

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] ab. ehrmanni Ehrmann, 1925; , TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterius ab. gertrudis Kruck, 1931; , TL: Mexico, Oaxaca

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio polyxenes ab. forsythae Wood, 1937; , TL: Florida

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio gracehus Fabricius, 1938; , TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio ajax f. pseudoamericus Brown, [1943]; , TL: Illinois

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

f. subamplicata Dufrane, 1946; , TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

astyanax Scudder, 1898, not Fabricius, 1793
streckeri Holland, 1927
stabilis dos Passos, 1964, not Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
Papilio joanae Heitzman, 1973; J. Res. Lepid. 12 (1): (1-10)
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio joanae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]

asterias ; Fabricius, 1787, (missp.) alunatus ; mediocanda ; Eimer, 1895, (incorr. orig. spell.) Papilio polyxenes asterius ; [NL4A, #122c] Papilio joanae ; [NACL, #4160]; [Opler] Papilio polyxenes calverleyii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4

Papilio polyxenes alunata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4 Papilio polyxenes semialba ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4 Papilio polyxenes curvifascia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4 Papilio polyxenes asterius ; [NACL, #4150a]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Angelia ampla, A. atropurpurea, A. venenosa, Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Conium maculatum, Daucus pusillus, D. carota, Daucus carota var. sativus, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum scothicum, Berula erecta, Osmorhiza longistylis, Oxypolis canbyi, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Ptilimnium capillaceum, Carum carvi, Cicuta maculata, C. bulbifera, Cicuta douglasii, Sium suave, Spermolepis divaricata, Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Thamnosma texana, Ruta graveolens, Dictamnus albus [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68, Oxypolis rigidior Williams, 2003, J. Lep. Soc. 57 (2): 149-150

Larva on (for _joanae_) Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Zizia aurea [BNA]

P. p. kahli Chermock, 1937

S.Saskatchewan, S.Manitoba Papilio kahli Chermock, 1937
Papilio kahli ; [NACL, #4161]
Papilio polyxenes kahli ; [BNA, 172]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Daucus carota, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Zizia aurea, Z. aptera [BNA]

P. p. coloro Wright, 1905

SE.California, W.Arizona Desert Swallowtail
Papilio coloro Wright, 1905; , TL: California
Papilio bairdii f. rudkini Comstock, 1935; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio rudkini f. clarki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio rudkini f. comstocki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio polyxenes coloro, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes coloro, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio polyxenes coloro, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Papilio rudkini ; [NACL, #4161]; [NAB, 329]
Papilio polyxenes coloro ; [BNA, 172]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122d]

Larva on Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Petroselinum crispum, Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, Thamnosma monana, Ruta graveolens [BNA]

P. p. stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906

Costa Rica - Panama Papilio polyxenes stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Costa Rica
Papilio asterius ab. streckeri Holland, 1927; , TL: Costa Rica

= ; [NL4A, #122g]

Papilio polyxenes stabilis ; [BCR: 71, pl. 4, f. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122g]

Larva on Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]

P. p. americus Kollar, [1849]

Colombia - Peru Papilio americus Kollar, [1849]; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 354, TL: Colombia
f. melasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #122b]

Papilio americus ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 243, 3: pl. 72, f. 8; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3 (missid.?)
Papilio polyxenes americus ; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122b]

P. p. gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002

Peru Papilio polyxenes gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002; Lambillionea 102 (2): 152, f. 1-2, TL: Peru, Cajamarca, road Celendín pass, ~(6°51'S 78°05'W), 1800-2500m
Papilio polyxenes gerardi ; [NL4A, #122e]

P. p. sadalus Lucas, 1852

Ecuador polyxenes sadalus Lucas, 1852; , TL: Ecuador, Quito
Papilio sardalus Becker, 1851; (nom. nud.), TL: Ecuador

= ; [NL4A, #122f]

Papilio polyxenes sadalus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #122f]

Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852

Pacific Coast, British Columbia - Baja California. See [About maps] Anise Swallowtail Western Swallowtail
Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 136, TL: San Francisco, California
Papilio zolicaon ab. impunctata Fischer, 1908

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zolicaon ab. formosa Fischer, 1908

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zolicaon ab. melanotaenia Fischer, 1908; , TL: ?

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zelicaon tr.f. mcdunnoughi Gunder, 1928

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio macdunnoughi dos Passos, 1964; (emend.)
Papilio zelicaon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio zelicaon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio zelicaon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio zolicaon ; Boisduval, 1852, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 281 (missp.)
Papilio formosus ;
Papilio zelicayn ; Skinner, 1898, (missp.)
Papilio zolicaon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio zelicaon ; [NACL, #4167]; [NAB, 334]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 14]; [BNA: 170, pl. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [BOC, 118]; [Opler]
Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Minto Island, Salem, Oregon, USA, 8-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

800x593 (~93Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x535 (~85Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, A. arguta, A. hendersonii, A. kingii, A. lineariloba, A. tomentosa, A. lucida, Apium graveolens, Cicuta maculata, Conioselinum scopulorum, Daucus carota, D. pusillus, Conium maculatum, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, H. sphondylium, Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum, Ligusticum porteri, L. grayi, Lomatium nuttallii, L. californicum, L. dasycarpum, L. urticulatum, L. parryi, L. grayi, L. triternatum, L. marginatum, L. martindalei?, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Zizia aptera, Pseudocymopterus montanus, Pimpinella, Petroselinum crispum, Pteryxia hendersoni, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Pastinaca sativa, Perideridia bolanderi, P. gairdneri, P. kelloggii, Sphenosciadium capitellatum, Tauschia arguta, T. parishii, Citrus sinensis, C. limon, Ruta graveolens [BNA]

P. z. zelicaon

Papilio machaon var. californica Ménétriés, 1855; , TL: California

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

P. z. nitra Edwards, 1883

Papilio nitra Edwards, 1883; Papilio 3: 158, 162, TL: Montana

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio gothica Remington, 1968; , TL: Colorado

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio indra nitra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 3
Papilio zelicaon nitra ; [NACL, #4167a]

Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera, Lomatium nuttallii [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767

E.China - Taiwan, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, Japan, Hawaii. See [About maps] Asian Swallowtail
Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 corrigenda, TL: Kanton, China
xuthus f. xuthulus Bremer, 1861; [spring generation]
Sinoprinceps xuthus, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Papilio xuthus xuthus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio xuthus, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Sinoprinceps xuthus ;
Papilio xuthus ; [BOR, 60]; [MRS, 157]; [BNA: 164, pl. 63]; [Bernard Rond]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

1047x773 (~50Kb) underside Yonahadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

900x530 (~67Kb) Dragonfly Station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Phellodendron amurensis [BRU], Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum sp., Citrus sp., Euodia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

P. x. xuthus

Yunnan, ...?

P. x. koxingus Fruhstorfer

Taiwan ?Papilio xanthus ssp. koxinga Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46 (13 June), TL: Formosa
Papilio xuthus koxingus ; [MRS, 157]

Larva on Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. nitidum, Citrus spp., Evodia ruaecarpa [MRS]

P. x. neoxuthus Fruhstorfer

Papilio xuthus neoxuthus ; [MRS, 157]

P. x. benguetanus Joicey & Talbot, 1923²

Philippines (N.Luzon, ...) benguelana Joicey & Talbot, 1923; The Entomologist 56: 273 (spell.?)
?benguetana Joicey & Talbot, 1929
Papilio benguelana ; [BOR, 60]
?Papilio xuthus benguetanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 43, f. 1-4

Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782

-. See [About maps] Giant African swallowtail
Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: index & 1, pl. 1, TL: Sierra Leon
Druryia antimachus ;
Druryeia antimachus ; [EBW]
Papilio antimachus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 21]; [BAFR, 6]
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus ; [AfrL]

800x573 (~110Kb) upperside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov

800x568 (~116Kb) underside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov

P. a. antimachus

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, W.Congo Republic, S.Sudan, N.Angola Drurya[sic] antimachus var. gigantea Watkins, 1899; Ent. mon. Mag. 35: 109, TL: Gabon

= ; [AfrL]

Druryia antimachus ab. plagiata Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20: 165, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. parvus Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 232, TL: Sierra Leone

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. karschi Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 233, TL: Togo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. rothschildiana Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. staudingeri Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234, TL: Gabon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. centrispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. melanescens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Congo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. pupillata Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. obsoleta Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. virgularia Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus coffea Talbot, 1936; Entomologist 69: 112, TL: Ivory Coast

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. burgeoni Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Princeps) antimachus antimachus ; [AfrL]

P. a. parva (Jackson, 1956)

E.Congo Republic, Uganda Papilo antimachus parva Jackson, 1956; Jl E Africa Nat. Hist. Soc. 23: 72, TL: Uganda, Kigezi, Kanyonza
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus parva ; [AfrL]

Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, [1864]

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, ?Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Congo, S.Sudan, Uganda. See [About maps] Giant blue swallowtail
Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, [1864]; Ill. exot. Butts 3 (49): [2], pl. [1], f. 18, TL: Nigeria, Calabar
Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186

= ; [AfrL]

Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 186, TL: Calabara, Congo, ...

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zalmozis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913; Archiv. Naturgesch. 79 (A) 7: 4, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Druryia zalmoxis ;
Iterus zalmoxis ; [EBW]
Papilio zalmoxis ; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 2]; [BAFR, 4]
Papilio (Princeps) zalmoxis ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758

-. See [About maps] Narrowly green-banded swallowtail
Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464
Papilio nireus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Druryia nireus ;
Papilio nireus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 17]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus ; [AfrL]

Larva on Calodenderum capense, Citrus spp., Clausena anisata, C. spp., Fagara macrophylla, Oricia bachmannii, Teclea natalensis, Toddalia asiatica, Vepris lanceolata, Zanthoxylum capense, Z. delagoense [AfrL]

P. n. nireus

Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda (-Bwamba), W.Tanzania, Zambia Papilio erinus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 26
Papilio nireus f. nora Strand, 1915; Ent. Mitteil. 4: 194 (nom. nud.), TL: Kamerun, Bonaberi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus f. dimidiatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 385, TL: W. Africa, Aguapim

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireoides Braun, 1932; Ent. Zs. 46: 11, TL: Kamerun,Togo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. bedoci Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. seeldrayersi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. pierardi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. falcata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg