Graphium

Life

Insecta

Papilioninae

Graphium Scopoli, 1777: Swordtails
Graphium Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433, TS: Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus
Zelima Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 279, TS: Papilio pylades Fabricius
Arisbe Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 89, TS: Papilio leonidas Fabricius
Idaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio codrus Cramer
Zetides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus
Ailus Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 81 (repl. for Zelima Fabricius, 1807)), TS: Papilio pylades Fabricius
Chlorisses Swainson, [1832]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 2 (19): pl. 89, TS: Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus
Semicudati Koch, 1860; Stett. ent. Ztg 21: 231, TS: Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus
Pathysa Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 503, TS: Papilio antiphates Cramer
Dalchina Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 143, TS: Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus
Paranticopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1887; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 55 (4): 376, TS: Papilio macareus Godart
Pazala Moore, 1888; Descr. new indian Lep. Insects Coll. Atkinson (3): 283, TS: Papilio glycerion Gray
Deoris Moore, [1903]; Lepidoptera Indica, 6: 31, TS: Papilio agetes Westwood
Klinzigia Niculescu, 1977, nec Lehrer, 1970
Klinzigiana Niculescu, 1989; (repl. name)
Eurypyleana Niculescu, 1989; , TS: Papilio eurypylus Linnaeus
Macfarlaneana Niculescu, 1989; , TS: Papilio agamemnon Linnaeus
Munroana Niculescu, 1989
Wallaceana Niculescu, 1989
Graphium, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
?Semicaudati Koch, 1860; [AUCL]
Zethes ; Swinhoe, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885 (1): 144 (missp. of Zetides)
Dalchinia ; Hampson, 1888, J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt II, 57: 364 (missp. of Dalchina)
Arisbe (Leptocircini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4
Graphium (Leptocircini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3; [AfrL]

Subgenus Idaides

The codrus species-group

Graphium codrus (Cramer, [1777])

Philippines, Celebes, Solomon Is.. See [About maps] Papilio codrus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 127, pl. 179, f. A, B
Graphium codrus ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 4 (text)]; [BOR, 96]
Graphium (Graphium) codrus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3

Larva on Hernandia avigera, Hernandia, H. peltata? [BAUR]

G. c. codrus

Buru, Ambon, Serang Graphium codrus codrus ; [BAUR, 118]

G. c. melanthus (C. & R. Felder, 1862)

Philippinens (Bohol, Dinagat, Leyte, Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Romblon, Samar, Sibuyan) Graphium codrus melanthus ; [BOR, 96]
Graphium (Graphium) codrus melanthus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 1, f. 8-9, pl. 2, f. 1-2

G. c. celebensis Wallace²

Sulawesi Graphium codrus celebensis ; [BOR, 96]

G. c. striris Jordan²

Sula Is. Graphium codrus striris ; [BOR, 96]

G. c. taloranus Jordan²

Talaud Graphium codrus taloranus ; [BOR, 96]

G. c. gilolensis Wallace²

Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera Graphium codrus gilolensis ; [BAUR, 118 (text)]

G. c. toealensis Rothschild²

Kai Is. Graphium codrus toealensis ; [BAUR, 118 (text)]

G. c. medon Felder²

Aru, Waigeu, W.Irian - Papua, D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark, Rossel Is. Graphium codrus medon ; [BAUR, 118]

G. c. auratus Rothschild²

Admiralty Is. Graphium codrus auratus ; [BAUR, 118 (text)]

G. c. segonax Godman & Salvin²

New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Duke of York Group Graphium codrus segonax ; [BAUR, 118]

G. c. pisidice Godman & Salvin²

Bougainville, Shortland Group, Choiseul, Maleita, Florida Is., Guadalcanal Graphium codrus pisidice ; [BAUR, 118 (text)]

G. c. tenebrionis Rothschild²

New Georgia Group Graphium codrus tenebrionis ; [BAUR, 118 (text)]

G. c. yayoeae Nihira & Kawamura, 1986

Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Sibutu, Tawitawi) Graphium (Graphium) codrus yayoeae ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 2, f. 3-4

G. c. noeli Page & Treadaway, 2003

Philippines (Mindoro) Graphium codrus noeli Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Graphium (Graphium) codrus noeli ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 2, f. 5-8

Graphium macleayanus (Leach, 1814)

E.Australia. See [About maps] Macleay's Swallowtail
Papilio macleayanus Leach, 1814; Zool. Miscell. 1: 17
Papilio scottianus C. Felder, 1862
Graphium macleayanus, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Graphium macleayanus ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 22]

Larva on Geifera salicifolia, Doryphora aromatica, Atherosperma moschatum [BAUR], Tasmannia lanceolata, T. xerophila, Atherosperma moschatum, Daphnandra micrantha, D. repandula, Doryphora aromatica, D. sassafras, Cinnamomum camphora, Cryptocarya hypospodia, Endiandra pubens, Geijera salicifolia K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

G. m. macleayanus

Australia (Kuranda - Tasmania) Graphium wilsoni Couchman, 1965
Graphium macleayanum macleayanum ; [BAUR, 116]

G. m. moggana Couchman, 1965²

Tasmania Graphium moggana Couchman, 1965
Graphium macleayanum moggana ; [BAUR, 116 (text)]

G. m. insulanum Waterhouse²

Lord Howe I. Graphium macleayanum insulanum ; [BAUR, 116 (text)]

Graphium weiskei (Ribbe, 1900)

New Guinea, Papua. See [About maps] Purple Spotted Swallowtail
weiskei (Ribbe, 1900); Insektenbörse 17: 308
Graphium weiski[sic?] ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 3]
Graphium weiskei ; [BAUR, 117]

Graphium stresemanni (Rothschild, 1916)

Serang stresemanni (Rothschild, 1916); Rep. B.O.U. Exped New Guinea 2 (15): 4
stressemanni ; [EBW]
Graphium stresemanni ; [BAUR, 117]

Graphium cloanthus (Westwood, 1841)

Kashmir - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Glassy Bluebottle
Papilio cloanthus Westwood, 1841; Arcana entomologica, 1: pl. 11, f. 2, (4) 42, TL: N.India
Graphium cloanthus cloanthus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Zetides cloanthus ; [BIR, 401]
Graphium cloanthus ; [BOR, 98]; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 16]; [MRS, 168]

Larva on Machilus odoratissima [MRS]

G. c. cloanthus

N.India - Assam, Bhutan, Burma, Yunnan Papilio cloanthus f. cloanthulus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (1): 168
cloanthus cloanthus ; [BOR, 98]

G. c. clymenus (Leech)

S.China Graphium cloanthus clymenus ; [BOR, 98]; [MRS, 168]

G. c. kuge (Fruhstorfer)

Taiwan Graphium cloanthus kuge ; [BOR, 98]; [MRS, 168]

G. c. sumatranum (Hagen, 1894)

Sumatra Graphium cloanthus sumatrana ; [BOR, 98]

Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758)

China, Ceylon, S.India, Kashmir - Assam, Burma, AU. See [About maps] Common Bluebottle Blue Triangle
Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 461, TL: Canton, China
Chlorisses helena Swainson, 1851; (nomen nudum)
Semicaudati choredon Koch, 1860; (nomen nudum)
Papilio parsedon Westwood, 1872
Graphium sarpedon sarpedon, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Zetides sarpedon ; [BIR, 401]
Graphium sarpedon ; [BOR, 98]; [MRS, 163]
Graphium (Graphium) sarpedon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3

1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Yona, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

1000x888 (~105Kb) underside Japan: Tokyo, 18.09.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant

Larva on Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae [EOB], Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum oliveri, Cryptocarya triplinervis, Neolitsea dealbata, Doryphora aromatica, Tristania laurina, Planchonella laurina, Litsea glutinosa, Macaranga spp., Rutaceae [MRS], Geijera salicifolia, Daphnandra aromatica, Cryptocarya, Planchonella laurifolia, Persea gratissima [BAUR]

Larva on Annona reticulata, Melodorum leichhardti, Doryphora aromatica, Beilschmiedia obtusifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum oliveri, Cryptocarya cinnamomifolia, C. hypospodia, C. mackinnoniana, C. murrayi, C. triplinervis, Endiandra impressicosta, Litsea ferruginea, L. glutinosa, L. leefeana, L. reticulata, Neolitsea australiensis, N. dealbata, Planchonella laurifolia, Geijera salicifolia?, Tristania laurina?, Clerodendrum spp.?, Macaranga spp.? K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

G. s. sarpedon

N.India - China, Hainan, Yunnan, Philippines Papilio demophon Meerburgh, 1775; Afbeeld. Gewass.: pl. 9
colus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (30): 183
pagus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (30): 183
Papilio sarpedon f. mela Fruhstorfer, 1907; , TL: Tonkin, Tenasserim
sarpedon sarpedon ; [BOR, 98]
Graphium (Graphium) sarpedon sarpedon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 1-6

G. s. teredon (C. & R. Felder, 1864)

S.India, Ceylon Papilio teredon C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 305
Graphium sarpedon teredon ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. luctatius (Fruhstorfer, 1907)

Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Indo-China luctatius (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (30): 183
Graphium sarpedon luctatius ; [BMP: 75, pl. 6, f. 4]; [BOR, 98]

1020x860 (~196Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 14th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Persea odoratissima, Cinnamomum, Alseodaphe, Litsea [BMP]

G. s. milon Felder²

Sulawesi Graphium sarpedon milon ; [BOR, 98]
Graphium milon ;

G. s. sulaensis Lathy²

Sula Is. Graphium sarpedon sulaensis ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. rufofervidus Fruhstorfer²

Nias Graphium sarpedon rufofervidus ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. rofocellularis Fruhstorfer²

Bawean Graphium sarpedon rofocellularis ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. adonarensis Rothschild²

Sumbawa, Flores, Adonara Graphium sarpedon adonarensis ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. jugans Rothschild²

Sumba Graphium sarpedon jugans ; [BOR, 98]

G. s. nipponus (Fruhstorfer, 1903)

Japan sarpedon nipponus (Fruhstorfer, 1903) (Papilio); Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 215
nipporum[sic?] ; (missp.?)

G. s. connectens (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Taiwan sarpedon connectens (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46 (13 June)
Graphium sarpedon connectens ; [BOR, 98]
Graphium sarpedon connectens f. surusumi ; [BOR, 99, fig.]
Graphium sarpedon connectens ; [MRS, 163]

Larva on Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum micranthum, C. osmophloeum, C. japonica, Persea thunbergii, P. zuihoensis, Litsea kostermansii, Lindera glauca, Persea japonica, Neolitsea sericea, N. aciculata, Laurus nobilis [MRS]

G. s. semifasciatum (Honrath)

SE.China, SC.China Graphium sarpedon semifasciatus ; [BOR, 98]
Graphium sarpedon semifasciatum ; [MRS, 163]

G. s. choredon (C. & R. Felder, 1864)

Aru, Kai Is., Misool, Salawati, Waigeu, W.Irian - Papua, D'Entrecasteaux, Louisiades, Woodlark, Torres Straits Is., E.Australia Papilio choredon C. & R. Felder, 1864
Graphium sarpedon choredon, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
sarpedon choredon ; [BAUR, 120]

G. s. timorensis Rothschild²

Timor, Wetar Graphium sarpedon timorensis ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. unparilis Rothschild²

New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Duke of York Group Graphium sarpedon unparilis ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. impar Rothschild²

New Georgia Group Graphium sarpedon impar ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. isander Godman & Salvin²

Bougainville, Shortland Is., Santa Isabel, Gudalcanal, Florida Is., Choiseul Graphium sarpedon isander ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. anthedon Felder²

Buru, Ambon, Serang halesus ?Fruhstorfer
Graphium sarpedon anthedon ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. crudus Rothschild²

Obi Graphium sarpedon crudus ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

G. s. dodingensis Rothschild²

Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera Graphium sarpedon dodingensis ; [BAUR, 120 (text)]

Graphium monticolus (Fruhstorfer, 1896)

Sulawesi. See [About maps] Papilio monticolus Fruhstorfer, 1896; Soc. Ent. 11 (3): 20
Graphium sarpedon textrix Tsukada & Nishiyaa, 1980
monticolus Fruhstorfer, 1897²
Graphium monticolus ; D'Abrera, 1982, [BOR, 98]

Graphium protensor Gistel²

Graphium gelon (Boisduval, 1859)

New Caledonia, Loyalty Island, Lifu gelon (Boisduval, 1859); Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1859: 155
Graphium gelon ; [BAUR, 120]

?Graphium empedocles (Fabricius, 1787)

Borneo? Papilio empedocles Fabricius, 1787; Mantissa Insectorum, 2: 10, no. 94

= Graphium empedovana?

Graphium empedovana (Corbet, 1941)

Borneo?. See [About maps] Papilio empedovana Corbet, 1941; J. fed. Malay St. Mus. 18 (5): 805
Graphium empedovana ; [BOR: pl. 131, f. 4]
Graphium payeni empedovana ; D'Abrera, 1982, [BOR, 96]
Graphium empedovana ; [BMP: 75, pl. 5, f. 6]
Graphium (Graphium) empedovana ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3

Larva on Hernandia peltata [BMP]

G. e. empedovana

Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Palawan) Graphium (Graphium) empedovana empedovana ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 1, f. 6-7

Graphium mendana Godman & Salvin, 1888²

Guadalcanal. See [About maps] mendana Godman & Salvin, 1888²; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 212
Graphium mendana ; [BAUR, 116]

G. m. acous Ribbe²

Bougainville Graphium mendana acous ; [BAUR, 116 (note)]

G. m. neyra Rothschild²

New Georgia Graphium mendana neyra ; [BAUR, 116 (note)]

The eurypylus species-group

Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sikkim - Assam, Burma, AU. See [About maps] Great Jay
Papilio eurypylus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464, TL: Ambon
eurypilus Godart, 1819; (misspelling)
Chlorisses harrietta Swainson, 1851; (nomen nudum)
Semicaudati kochianus Koch, 1860; (nomen nudum)
Graphium eurypylus, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Zetides euryplus[sic] ; [BIR, 403]
Graphium eurypylus ; [BOR, 100]; [MRS, 165]
Graphium eurypelus[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 20 (text)]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) eurypylus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

Larva on Annona reticulata, A. muricata, Rauwenhoffia leichhardtii, Mitrephora froggattii, Polyalthia nitidissima, Diploglottis australis [MRS]

Larva on Michelia champaca, Annona cherimola, A. glabra, A. muricata, A. reticulata, Artabotryus sp., Desmos sp., Melodorum spp., Miliusa traceyi, Mitrephora froggattii, Polyalthia australis, P. nitidissima, P. sp., Rauwenhoffia leichhardtii, Saccopetalum bidwillii, Uvaria goezeanus, U. membranacea, U. rufa, Annona squamosa? K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

G. e. eurypylus

Moluccas Graphium eurypylus eurypylus ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

G. e. cheronus (Jordan, 1909)

Sikkim - S.Burma, Thailand - S.China, S.Yunnan, Hainan, Indo-China Papilio eurypylus acheron f. cheronus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 204, TL: Siam?
juba (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (37): 222
Papilio eurypylus cheronus f.vern. petina Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 98, TL: Indo-china
Graphium eurypylus cheronus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium eurypylus chernus ; [BOR, 100]
Graphium eurypylus cheronus ; [MRS, 165]

G. e. mecisteus (Distant, 1885)

Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Busuanga) Papilio mecisteus Distant, 1885; Rhopalocera Malayana (18): 361, f. 108
daton (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (37): 222
Graphium eurypylus mecisteus; [BMP: 76, pl. 5, f. 7-8]
Graphium eurypylus mecisteus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium eurypylus mecisteus ; [BOR, 100]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) eurypylus mecisteus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 13, pl. 5, f. 1

G. e. macronius Jordan²

Andamans, ?Nicobars Graphium eurypylus macronius ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. gordion (C. & R. Felder, 1864)

Philippines (Basilan, Bohol, Catanduanes, Cebu, Homonhon, Leyte, Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panaon, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Sibuyan, Siquijor) eurypylus gordion (C. & R. Felder, 1864); Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 305, n. 225
Graphium eurypylus gordion ; [BOR, 100]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) eurypylus gordion ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 13, pl. 5, f. 2-4

G. e. artofasciatus Lathy²

Sula Is. Graphium eurypylus artofasciatus ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. pamphylus Felder²

Sulawesi, ?Saleyer Graphium eurypylus pamphylus ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. insularis Rothschild²

Tanahdjampea, Kalao, ?Bonerate Graphium eurypylus insularis ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. sallastinus Fruhstorfer²

Sumba, Flores, Wetar, Leti, Babar Graphium eurypylus sallastinus ; [BOR, 100]; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

G. e. aloricus Fruhstorfer²

Alor Graphium eurypylus aloricus ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. sangira Oberthür²

Sangir, ?Talaud Graphium eurypylus sangira ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. lycaonides Rothschild²

Waigeu, Jobi, W.Irian - Papua, D'Entrecasteaux Graphium eurypylus lycaonides ; [BAUR, 114]

G. e. lepidus Fruhstorfer²

Tanimbar Graphium eurypylus lepidus ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

G. e. lycaon (C. & R. Felder, 1865)

E.Australia Papilio lycaon C. & R. Felder, 1865
Graphium eurypylus lycaon ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

G. e. nyctimus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)

Northern Territory, Groote Eylandt Papilio nyctimus Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914
Graphium eurypylus nyctimus ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

G. e. extensus Rothschild²

New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Group, New Hanover Graphium eurypylus extensus ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]
Graphium eurypylus extensus f. praetorianus Niepelt; [BAUR, 114, f.]

G. e. melampus Rothschild²

Kai Is. Graphium eurypylus melampus ; [BAUR, 114 (text)]

Graphium evemon (Boisduval, 1836)

Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Lesser Jay
Papilio evemon Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 234
Zetides evemon ; [BIR, 402]
Graphium evemon ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 20]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) evenom ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

G. e. evemon

Java Graphium evemon evemon ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. eventus (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

S.Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi Is., Sumatra, Banka, Borneo Papilio evemon eventus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 21 (37): 222
Papilio orthia Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 98
Graphium evemon eventus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium evemon eventus ; [BOR, 100]; [BMP: 76, pl. 5, f. 9]

G. e. albociliatus (Fruhstorfer, 1901)

Assam - N.Laos, N.Vietnam Papilio evemon albociliatus Fruhstorfer, 1901; Soc. Ent. 16 (14): 107, TL: Tonkin
Graphium evemon albociliatis[?] ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. igneolus Fruhstorfer²

Nias Graphium evemon igneolus ; [BOR, 100]

G. e. orithia Jordan, 1909²

Philippines (Mapun) evemon orithia Jordan, 1909²
Arisbe (Eurypleana) evemon orithia ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 12

Graphium chironides (Honrath, [1884])

Nepal - C.Burma, N.Laos, Vietman, Cambodia. See [About maps] Papilio chironides Honrath, [1884]; Berl. ent. Z. 28 (2): 396, TL: Darjeeling, Sikkim
chiron Wallace, 1865²; (preocc.)
Graphium chironides chironides, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium bathycles chiron ; [BOR, 102]
Graphium chironides ; [MRS, 165]

G. c. chironides

S.Yunnan, ...? Graphium chironicum Eliot, 1982; Malay. Nat. J. 35: 180
Papilio bathycles chiron f.vern. ligyra Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 100

G. c. clanis (Jordan)

Graphium chironides clanis ; [MRS, 165]

G. c. malayanum Eliot, 1982

Graphium malayanum Eliot, 1982; Malay. Nat. J. 35: 180
Graphium chironides malayanum ; [BMP: 76, pl. 6, f. 2]

Graphium doson (C. & R. Felder, 1864)

S.Japan, Riu Kiu, Ceylon, S.India - Bengal, Kumaon - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Common Jay
Papilio doson C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 305, no. 222, 350, n 127, TL: Ceylon
Zetides doson ; [BIR, 402]
Graphium doson ; [MRS, 164]; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 19]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) doson ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

1047x773 (~44Kb) underside Okuma, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Desmos cochinechinensis, Uvaria microcarpa, Michelia alba [MRS], Annona, Desmos, Polyalthia, Rauwenhoffia, Mitrephora, Uvaria, Diploglottis, Cinnamomum, Magnolia, Michelia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

G. d. doson

Ceylon Graphium doson doson ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. eleius Fruhstorfer²

S.India Graphium doson eleius ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. albidum (Wileman, 1903)

G. d. axion (C. & R. Felder, 1864)

N.India - China, Hainan, Indo-China, Burma, Thailan Papilio axion C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 305, TL: Hainan [?Silhet]
Papilio acheron Moore, 1885; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 16: 120, TL: N.Bengal
Papilio nivepictus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 212
actor (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (34): 209
nanus (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 170
praestabilis (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 170, TL: Tonkin and Hong Kong
Graphium doson axion, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium doson axion ; [BOR, 100]; [MRS, 164]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) doson evemonides ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 1-2, 9-11

1006x1062 (~138Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

974x849 (~259Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

G. d. evemonides (Honrath, [1884])

Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Java - Borneo, Philippines (Balabac, Bongao, Mapun, Sanga Sanga, Sibutu, Tawitawi), Bangka, Natuna Papilio jason var. evemonides Honrath, [1884]; Berl. ent. Z. 28 (2): 396, pl. 10, f. 2, TL: Malacca
vulso (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (34): 209
appulejus (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 170
autronicus (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 170
Papilio heurni [Jacobson] & Eecke, 1914; Tijdschr. Ent. 57: 12
Graphium doson evemonides, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium doson evemonides ; [BMP: 76, pl. 5, f. 11]; [MRS, 164]; [BOR, 100]

Larva on Cinnamomum, Polyalthia [BMP]

G. d. kajanga (Corbet, 1937)

Pulau Tioman Papilio kajanga Corbet, 1937; Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 6 (3): 47
Graphium doson kajanga ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. rubroplaga (Rothschild, 1895)

Nias doson rubroplaga (Rothschild, 1895) (Papilio); Novit. zool. 2: 504
Graphium doson rubroplaga ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. sankapura (Fruhstorfer, 1904)

Bawean doson sankapura (Fruhstorfer, 1904) (Papilio); Insekten-Börse 21 (39): 309
Graphium sankapaur[sic?] ; (missp.?)
Graphium doson sankapura ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. gyndes (Fruhstorfer, 1907)

Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga, Dumaran) doson gyndes (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 21 (34): 209
Graphium doson gyndes ; [BOR, 100]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) doson gyndes ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 3-4

G. d. eurypylides (Staudinger, 1895)

Lombok, Sumbawa doson eurypylides (Staudinger, 1895) (Papilio); Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7: 350
Graphium doson eurypylides ; [BOR, 100]

G. d. perillus (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

doson perillus (Fruhstorfer, 1908) (Papilio); Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38 (27 February)

G. d. postianus (Fruhstorfer, 1902)

Taiwan, Philippines (Batanes) doson postianus (Fruhstorfer, 1902) (Papilio); Soc. Ent. 17 (10): 73
Graphium doson postianum ; [MRS, 164]
Graphium doson postianus ; [BOR, 100]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) doson postianus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 7-8

Larva on Magnolia grandiflora, Michelia alba, M. compressa, Annona squamosa [MRS]

G. d. nauta Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980

Philippines (Basilan, Bohol, Catanduanes, Cebu, Dinagat, Homonhon, Joo, Leyte, Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro, Mindano, Negros, Panay, Panaon, Polillo, Samar, Siargao, Siquijor, Tablas, Ticao) Graphium doson nauta Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980; Plapac: 380
Arisbe (Eurypleana) doson nauta ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 5-6

Graphium arycles (Boisduval, 1836)

Assam, Burma, Malaysia. See [About maps] Spotted Jay
Papilio arycles Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 231, TL: Singapore
Graphium arycles arycles, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Zetides arycles ; [BIR, 403]
Graphium arycles ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 14]; [BOR, 102]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) arycles ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

G. a. arycles

C.Burma - Peninsular Malaya, Java, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo Papilio rama C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (12): 394, TL: Malacca
Papilio incertus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (3/4): 283, TL: Singapore
Graphium arycles arycles ; [BMP: 76, pl. 6, f. 3]; [BOR, 102]

G. a. perinthus (Fruhstorfer, 1915)

Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Palawan) Papilio arycles perinthus Fruhstorfer, 1915; Ent. Rundschau 32 (1): 6 [?], TL: Palawan
Arisbe (Eurypleana) arycles perinthus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 4, f. 5-6

G. a. sphinx (Fruhstorfer, 1899)

"Cambodia" Papilio arycles sphinx Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (3/4): 283, TL: Indochina
Papilio arycles arycleoides Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 344, TL: E.Thailand
Graphium arycles sphinx, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium arycles sphinx ; [BOR, 102]

Graphium bathycles (Zinken, 1831)

China, Sikkim - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Veined Jay
Papilio bathycles Zinken, 1831; Nova Acta physico-med. [Leop. Carol.] 15 (1): 157, pl. 14, f. 6-7
Zetides bathycles ; [BIR, 403]
Graphium bathycles ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 15]; [BOR, 102]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) bathycles ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4

G. b. bathycles

Java Graphium bathycles bathycles ; [BOR, 102]

G. b. bathycloides (Honrath, [1884])

?S.Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Busuanga) Papilio bathycles var. bathycloides Honrath, [1884]; Berl. ent. Z. 28 (2): 396, pl. 10, f. 3
Graphium bathycles bathycloides, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium bathycles bathycloides ; [BOR, 102]; [BMP: 76, pl. 6, f. 1]
Arisbe (Eurypleana) batchycles bathycloides ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 4, pl. 5, f. 7-9

Graphium leechi (Rothschild)

China. See [About maps] Graphium leechi ; [MRS, 166]

Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758)

China, Ceylon, S.India - Saurasthtra, Kumaon - Assam, Burma. See [About maps] Tailed Jay Green-spotted Triangle Butterfly
Papilio agamemnon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462, TL: China
atreus (Fruhstorfer, 1903) (Papilio); Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 219
mynion (Fruhstorfer, 1906) (Papilio); Ent. Zs. 20 (2): 10
Graphium agamemnon, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Graphium agamemnon agamemnon, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Graphium agamemnon, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Zetides agamemnon ; [BIR, 404]
Graphium agamemnon ; [BOR, 102]; [MRS, 167]
Graphium (Macfarlaneana) agamemnon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3

648x628 (~84Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 14th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Michelia champaca, Ancana stenopetala, Annona cheromoya, A. cherimola, A. glabra, A. muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, Cyathostemma micranthum, Desmos goezeanus, D. sp., Fitzalania heteropetala, Goniothalamus australis, Haplostichanthus johnsonii, H. spp., Melodorum uhrii, M. spp., Miliusa brahei, M. traceyi, Mitrephora froggattii, Oncodostigma sp., Polyalthia michaelii, P. nitidissima, P. sp., Pseuduvaria froggattii, P. hylandii, P. mulgraveana, P. villosa, Rauwenhoffia leichhardtii, Rollinia deliciosa, Uvaria goezeanus, U. membranacea, U. rufa, Xylopia maccreai, X. sp. K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

G. a. agamemnon

N.India - Singapore, S.Yunnan, Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Philippines Papilio aegisthus Linnaeus, 1763; Amoenitates Acad., 6: 401, TL: China
Papilio dorylas Sulzer, 1776; Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst.: pl. 13 f. 58
Papilio anoura Oberthür, 1879; Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 58, TL: Borneo
Papilio rufescens Oberthür, 1879; Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 58, TL: China
Graphium agamemnon agamemnon ; [BOR, 102]; [MRS, 167]; [BMP: 77, pl. 5, f. 10]
Graphium (Macfarlaneana) agamemnon agamemnon ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 1, f. 4-5

Larva on Magnolia grandiflora, Michelia alba, M. compressa, Annona montana, A. squamosa, Artabotrys uncinatus, Desmos cochinchinensis, Uvaria microcarpa [MRS], Annona, Mitrephora froggattii [BAUR], Saccopetalum, Friesodielsia, Polyalthia [BMP]

G. a. menides (Fruhstorfer, 1904)

Ceylon, S.India agamemnon menides (Fruhstorfer, 1904) (Papilio); Insekten-Börse 21 (23): 181
Graphium agamemnon mendides[?] ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. andamana (Lathy, 1907)

Adamana[?] agamemnon andamana (Lathy, 1907) (Papilio); Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.: 5, TL: Andamanen
?Graphium agamemnon adamana[?] ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. decoratus Rothschild²

Nicobars Graphium agamemnon decoratus ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. rufoplenus (Fruhstorfer, 1917)

Nias Graphium agamemnon rufoplenus ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. atropictus (Fruhstorfer, 1903)

Enggano agamemnon atropictus (Fruhstorfer, 1903) (Papilio); Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 218, TL: Engano
Graphium agamemnon atropictus ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. pulo (Evans, 1932)

Nicobars (southern) agamemnon pulo (Evans, 1932) (Zetides); Indian Butterflies (edn. 2): 56, TL: Nicobar
Graphium agamemnon pulo ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. baweata (Hagen, 1896)

Bawean agamemnon baweata (Hagen, 1896) (Papilio); Jahrb. Nass. Nat. 50: 180
Graphium agamemnon baweata ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. meton (Fruhstorfer, 1904)

Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa agamemnon meton (Fruhstorfer, 1904) (Papilio); Insekten-Börse 21 (23): 180
Graphium agamemnon meton ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. comodus (Fruhstorfer, 1903)

Celebes agamemnon comodus (Fruhstorfer, 1903) (Papilio); Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 218
Graphium agamemnon comodus ; [BOR, 102]

G. a. plisthenes (Felder)

Buru, Ambon, Serang, Goram ?Papilio plisthenes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 306 [?]
Graphium agamemnon plisthenes ; [BAUR, 112]

G. a. exilis (Rothschild, 1895)

Wetar, Damar, Leti, Babar, Tanimbar, Timor agamemnon exilis (Rothschild, 1895) (Papilio); Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 451
Graphium agamemnon exilis ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. guttatus (Rothschild, 1895)

Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan, Obi agamemnon guttatus (Rothschild, 1895) (Papilio); Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 453
Graphium agamemnon guttatus ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. argynnus (Druce, 1888)

Kai Is. agamemnon argynnus (Druce, 1888) (Papilio); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 2 (9): 235
Graphium agamemnon argynnus ; [BAUR, 112]

G. a. ligatus (Rothschild, 1895)

Aru, Misool, Salawati, Waigen, W.Irian - Papua, D'Entrecasteaux, Torres Strait Is., NE.Australia Papilio ligatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 451
ligathus Tillyard, 1926; (misspelling)
Graphium agamemnon ligatus ; [BAUR, 112]

G. a. obliteratus (Lathy, 1899)

Louisiades agamemnon obliteratus (Lathy, 1899) (Papilio); Entomologist 32 (6): 149
Graphium agamemnon obliteratus ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. salomonis (Rothschild, 1895)

Solomon Is. agamemnon salomonis (Rothschild, 1895) (Papilio); Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 453
Graphium agamemnon salomonis ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. ugiensis (Jordan, 1909)

Ugi I. agamemnon ugiensis (Jordan, 1909) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 102
Graphium agamemnon ugiensis ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. neopommeranius (Honrath, 1887)

New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Group, New Hanover neopommerania[?] (Honrath, [1888]) (Papilio); Berl. ent. Z. 31 (2): 350, pl. 6, f. 4
Graphium agamemnon neopommeranius ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

G. a. admiralis (Rothschild, 1915)

Admiralty Is. agamemnon admiralis (Rothschild, 1915) (Papilio); Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 195
Graphium agamemnon admiralis ; [BAUR, 112 (text)]

Graphium meeki (Rothschild, 1901)

Santa Isabel, Bougainville. See [About maps] Papilio meeki Rothschild, 1901; Novit. Zool. 8: 402
Graphium meeki ; [BAUR, 112]

Graphium macfarlanei (Butler, 1877)

N.Australia, New Guinea, Moluccas. See [About maps] Papilio macfarlanei Butler, 1877; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1877: 471
Graphium macfarlanei, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Graphium macfarlanei ; [BOW: pl. 131, f. 10 (text)]

Larva on Annona, Annona mercuriata, A. squamosa [BAUR], Annona muricata, A. reticulata K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

G. m. macfarlanei

Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Waigeu, Misool, Salawati, W.Irian - Papua, NE.Australia Graphium macfarlanei macfarlanei ; [BAUR, 115]

G. m. cestius Fruhstorfer²

Buru, Ambon, Serang Graphium macfarlanei cestius ; [BAUR, 115 (text)]

G. m. seminigra Butler²

New Britain, New Ireland Graphium macfarlanei seminigra ; [BAUR, 115, f. (larva,pupa)]

Graphium meyeri (Hopffer, 1874)

Celebes. See [About maps] meyeri (Hopffer, 1874); Stett. ent. Ztg 35 (1): 19
Graphium meyeri ; [BOR, 100]

G. m. meyeri

N.Sulaweis Graphium meyeri meyeri ; [BOR, 100]

G. m. extremum Tsukada & Nishiyama²

Sula Is. Graphium meyeri extremum ; [BOR, 100]

Graphium procles (Grose-Smith, 1887)

Sabah, Malaysia Papilio procles Grose-Smith, 1887; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 20: 433
Graphium procles ; [BOR, 102]

The wallacei species-group

Graphium wallacei (Hewitson, [1858])

New Guinea, Moluccas. See [About maps] Papilio wallacei Hewitson, [1858]; Ill. exot. Butts 2 (39): pl. 3 (1861), f. 7
Graphium wallacei ; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 2]

Larva on Annona muricata [BAUR]

G. w. wallacei

Aru, W.Irian, New Guinea Graphium wallacei wallacei ; [BAUR, 110 (text)]

G. w. rubrosignatus Rothschild²

Halmahera, Bachan, Obi Graphium wallacei rubrosignatus ; [BAUR, 110]

Graphium hicateon (Mathew, 1886)

Bougainville, Choiseul, Shortland Is., Florida Is., Guadalcanal, New Georgia Group, Ugi Is.. See [About maps] Papilio hicateon Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 350
Graphium hicateon ; [BAUR, 111]
Graphium hicetaon ; (spell.?)

Graphium browni (Godman & Salvin, 1879)

New Britain, Duke of York Group, New Hanover, St. Mathias?. See [About maps] browni (Godman & Salvin, 1879); Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 655
Graphium browni ; [BOW: pl. 132, f. 2 (text)]; [BAUR, 110]

Larva on Annona mercuriana [BAUR]

Graphium sandawanum Yamamoto, 1977

Philippines (Mindanao). See [About maps] Graphium sandawanum Yamamoto, 1977; Trans. lep. Soc. Jap. 28 (3): 87, TL: Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo
Graphium sandawanum ; [BOR, 98]
Graphium (Graphium) sandawanum ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3

G. s. sandawanum

Philippines (SE.Mindanao) Graphium (Graphium) sandawanum sandawanum ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 3, f. 7-8

G. s. joreli Nuyda, 1994

Philippines (N.Mindanao) Graphium sandawanum joreli Nuyda, 1994; , TL: Mt. Kitanglad?
Graphium (Graphium) sandawanum joreli ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 3, pl. 3, f. 9-10

Subgenus Arisbe Hübner, [1819]

Arisbe Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 89, TS: Papilio leonidas Fabricius
Zelima Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 279, TS: Papilio pylades Fabricius
Ailus Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 81 (repl. for Zelima Fabricius, 1807)), TS: Papilio pylades Fabricius
Arisbe (Graphium) ; [AfrL]

The antheus species-group

antheus ; [AfrL]

Graphium antheus (Cramer, [1779])

Tropical Africa. See [About maps] Large Striped Swordtail
Papilio antheus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 71, TL: "Eiland Amboina" [error]
Papilio antharis Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 52, TL: "L'Amérique septentrionale" [error]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nyassae Butler, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19: 459, TL: Lake Nyassa

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio lurlinus Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist (5) 12: 106, TL: Victoria Nyanza

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus evombaroides Eimer, 1889; Artb. Verwandtsch. Schmett. [1]: 228, TL: [Ghana] Goldküste

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio utuba Hampson, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7: 182, TL: East Africa, Sabaki River district

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mercutius Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894; Rhopalocera exotica, (?27-30): 33 (repl. Papilio hollandi), TL: Morakwen, Delagoa Bay

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio hollandi Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894; Rhopalocera exotica, (?27-30): 33 (preocc. Papilio hollandi Edwards, 1892)

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus scheffleri Strand, 1909; Archiv. Naturgesch. 75 (1): 367, TL: British Ost Afrika, Kibwezi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus latepictulus Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 4, TL: D.O. Afrika, Kongoë, Kunusi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus ab. combinata Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: Tabora in D.O. Afrika

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus f. micrevombaroides Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: Mishahöhe; Sokadé, Basari

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus ab. misanus Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: [Togo] Misahöhe

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus ab. hoesemanni Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: N.O. Tanganyika, Ukaranga; N. Nyassa See, Langenburg

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus ab. rubrimacula Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: Langenburg am N. Nyassa See

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus ab. comma Strand, 1914; Int. ent. Zs. 8: 10, TL: Langenburg am N. Nyassa See

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Cosmodesmus) antheus antheus ab. mathieui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 120, TL: Congo, Sankishia

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Cosmodesmus) antheus antheus ab. paradoxa Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 120, TL: Congo Republic Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antheus f. atrantheus Basquin & Turlin, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. (51): 1, TL: Bangui, R.C.A.

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium antheus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Papilio anthaeus ; auct., (missp.)
Graphium antheus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 3]; [BK, 118]; [BAFR, 48]
Graphium (Arisbe) antheus ; [AfrL]

Larva on Uvaria caffra, Artabotrys monteiroae [PBSA], Annona reticulata [BK], Annona senegalensis, Artabotrys brachypetalus, Cleistochlamys kirkii, Hexalobus monopetalus, Landolphia ugandensis, Monanthotaxis caffra, Monodora junodi, Uvaria kirkii [AfrL]

Graphium evombar (Boisduval, 1836)

-. See [About maps] Papilio evombar Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 254, TL: Madagascar, Comoro I.
Graphium evombar ; [BAFR, 48]; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 9]
Graphium (Arisbe) evombar ; [MadL]; [AfrL]

G. e. evombar

Madagascar Graphium (Arisbe) evombar evombar ; [AfrL]

G. e. viossati Collins, 1997

Comoro Is. Graphium evombar viossati Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 56, TL: Comoro Islands, Anjouan, Forest of Moya
Graphium (Arisbe) evombar viossati ; [AfrL]

The policenes species-group

Graphium policenes (Cramer, [1775])

-. See [About maps] Common Swordtail Small Striped Swordtail
Papilio policenes Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 61
Graphium policenes ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 17]; [BK, 118]; [BAFR, 48]
Graphium (Arisbe) policenes ; [AfrL]

Larva on Uvaria caffra, Artabotrys [EOB], Artabotrys monteiroae [BK], Uvaria bukobensis, U. chamae, Landolphia buchannani, L. ugandensis, Polyalthia sp., Annona reticulata, A. senegalensis, A. squamosa, Monanthotaxis caffra [AfrL]

G. p. policenes

Africa (south of Sahara) Papilio pompilius Herbst, 1788; Natursyst. Ins., Schmett. 3: 205, TL: "Surinam" [error]
Papilio agapenor Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 26, TL: Africa

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio scipio Palisot de Beauvois, 1805; Ins. Afr. Amer.: 70, TL: Les déserts derrière les royaumes d'Oware et de Galbar ou Kalabar

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio polixenus Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 52, TL: [Africa] "L'Amérique septentrionale"

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Cosmodesmus) policenes f. guineensis Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 121, TL: Guinée, vallée de Mamou

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium policenes f. coussementi Berger, 1960; Lambillionea 60: 71, TL: Congo, Kasai, Dekese

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) policenes policenes ; [AfrL]

G. p. laurentia (Le Cerf, 1924)

Rhodesia, Moçambique - Transkei Papilio policenes laurentia Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 398, TL: Natal, Durban

= Graphium policenes policenes ; [AfrL]

Larva on Uvaria cafra, Artabotrys monteiroae [PBSA]

G. p. telloi Hecq, 1999

Nigeria, N.Cameroon, C.A.R, S.Sudan Graphium policenes telloi Hecq, 1999; Lambillionea 99: 517, TL: RCA, Région Nord, P.N., Brendja
Papilio policenes var. sudanicus Schultze, 1916; Archiv. Naturgesch. 81 (A) 11: 110, TL: Mapéo im Alantika Gebirge, Mittel Adamaua

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) policenes telloi ; [AfrL]

Graphium liponesco (Suffert, 1904)

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, W.Nigeria. See [About maps] Long-tailed striped swordtail
Papilio policenes liponesco Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17: 107, TL: Hinterlande von Togo
Papilio boolae Strand, 1909; Archiv. Naturgesch. 75 (1): 307, TL: Boola, Guinea

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) liponesco ; [AfrL]

Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984

E.Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, E.Congo Republic, Burundi. See [About maps] Gauthier's striped swordtail
Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 318, TL: Insel Bioko
Papilio nigrescens ab. intermedia Birket-Smith, 1960; Bull. inst. Fr. d'Afr. Noire (A) 22: 540, TL: French Cameroons, on the bank of the river Nyong just south of the town of Makak

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) biokoensis ; [AfrL]

Graphium policenoides (Holland, 1892)

Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Congo Republic (Bas-Fleuve, Equateur). See [About maps] Papilio policenoides Holland, 1892; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 10: 287, TL: Talaguga, upon the Upper Ogové
Papilio policines[sic] nigrescens Eimer, 1889; Artb. Verwandtsch. Schmett. [1]: 223 (preocc. Papilio philolaus nigrescens Eimer), TL: Kamerun

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium nigrescens ; [BAFR, 48 (text)]; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 17 (text)]
Graphium (Arisbe) policenoides ; [AfrL]

Graphium kirbyi (Hewitson, 1872)

Kenya, Tanzania (coasts). See [About maps] Kirby's Swordtail
Papilio kirbyi Hewitson, 1872; Ent. mon. Mag. 9: 146, TL: "East Africa, Lagos" [error]
Papilio kirbyi var. ottonis Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 492, TL: Deutsch Ost-Afrika, Usambara

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium kirbyi ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 12]; [BK, 117]; [BAFR, 46]
Graphium (Arisbe) kirbyi ; [AfrL]

Larva on Annona senegalensis, Uvaria sp. [BK] [AfrL]

Graphium junodi (Trimen, 1893)

Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, E.Zimbabwe. See [About maps] Junod's swordtail
Papilio junodi Trimen, 1893; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1893: 138, TL: Morakwen, Delagoa Bay
Graphium junodi ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 3 (text)]; [BAFR, 48]
Graphium (Arisbe) junodi ; [AfrL]

Graphium polistratus (Grose-Smith, 1889)

Nigeria, E.Congo Republic (coast), Tanzania, N.Malawi, Mozambique. See [About maps] Dancing Swordtail
Papilio polistratus Grose-Smith, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3: 121, TL: East Coast of Africa, in the neighbourhood of Mombasa
Papilio sisenna Mabille, 1890; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 10: 29, TL: Côte de Mozambique

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio richelmanni Weymer, 1892; Stettin. ent. Ztg, 53: 98, TL: Ostafrika, Tanga

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio polistratus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 17 (text)]
Graphium polistratus ; [BK, 118]; [BAFR, 46]
Graphium (Arisbe) polistratus ; [AfrL]

Larva on Annona senegalensis, Uvaria [BK] [AfrL]

Graphium colonna (Ward, 1873)

Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Congo Republic, C.A.R, Sudan, SW.Ethiopia, S.Somalia, Uganda, Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Mozambique, E.Zimbabwe - Zululand, Swaziland. See [About maps] Black Swordtail Mamba swordtail
Papilio colonna Ward, 1873; Ent. mon. Mag. 10: 151, TL: East Africa, Ribé
Papilio tragicus Butler, 1876; Ent. mon. Mag. 13: 56, TL: [Mozambique] "Zambesi"

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio colonna loncona Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17: 107, TL: Deutsch Ost Africa, Mikindani und Lindi

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium colonna ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 6]; [BK, 117]; [BAFR, 46]
Graphium (Arisbe) colonna ; [AfrL]

Larva on Artabotrys [EOB], Artabotrys monteiroae? [PBSA], Uvaria, Annona [BK], Artabotrys monteiroae, Uvaria caffra [AfrL]

Graphium illyris (Hewitson, 1873)

-. See [About maps] Cream-banded swordtail
Papilio illyris Hewitson, 1873; Ent. mon. Mag. 9: 232, TL: Gold Coast
Graphium illyris ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 11]; [BAFR, 46]
Graphium (Arisbe) illyris ; [AfrL]

G. i. illyris

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, C.Ghana Papilio illyris f. stictica Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1: 399, TL: Friapere Forest, Coomassie

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Cosmodesmus) illyris ab. addenda Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 121, TL: Congo, le long de la rivière Salonga, environs de Watsikengo

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) illyris illyris ; [AfrL]

G. i. flavisparsus (Fruhstorfer, 1903)

Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) Papilio illyris flavisparsus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Stettin. ent. Ztg 64 (2): 359, TL: Fernando Po
Graphium (Arisbe) illyris flavisparsus ; [AfrL]

G. i. girardeaui (Guilbot & Plantrou, 1978)

C.A.R Papilio illyris girardeaui Guilbot & Plantrou, 1978; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 83: 70, TL: Empire centrafricain, Bangui
Graphium (Arisbe) illyris girardeaui ; [AfrL]

G. i. hamatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1918)

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Congo Republic, Tanzania Papilio illyris hamatus Joicey & Talbot, 1918; Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1918: 271, TL: German East Africa
Graphium (Arisbe) illyris hamatus ; [AfrL]

Graphium gudenusi (Rebel, 1911)

Congo Republic (Kivu), Rwanda, Burundi, SW.Uganda. See [About maps] Papilio gudenusi Rebel, 1911; Ann. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien. 24: 409, TL: Urwalde am Nordwestufer de Tanganika Sees, 1900-2100m
Papilio babaulti Le Cerf, 1931; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1931: 275, TL: Congo Belge oriental, Kitembo, région du lac Kivu

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium gudenusi ; [BAFR, 46]
Graphium (Arisbe) gudenusi ; [AfrL]

Graphium porthaon (Hewitson, 1865)

Natal, Zululand, Transvaal, Moçambique, Rhodesia, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, S.Zaire (Shaba), Tanzania. See [About maps] Coastal Swordtail Cream-striped Swordtail Dark swordtail
Papilio porthaon Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts 3 (53): 4, (47): pl. 7 (1863), f. 21-22, TL: Zambesi
Graphium porthaon ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 3 (text)]; [BK, 119]; [BAFR, 48]
Graphium (Arisbe) porthaon ; [AfrL]

Larva on Artabotrys monteiroae, Annona, Uvaria [BK], Friesodielsia obovata, Cleistochlamys kirkii, Monodora junodii, Monanthotaxis caffra, Uvaria caffra, U. kirkii [AfrL]

G. p. porthaon

Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique - Natal, Zimbabwe, N.Botswana, Namibia Papilio porthaon ab. adjectus Thurau, 1903; Berl. ent. Z. 48: 143, TL: Langenburg

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio porthaon vernayi van Son, 1936; Ann. transv. Mus. 17: 138

= ; [AfrL]

Graphium (Arisbe) porthaon porthaon ; [AfrL]

G. p. tanganyikae Kielland, 1978

Tanzania Graphium porthaon tanganyikae Kielland, 1978; Tijdschr. Ent. 121: 161, TL: Tanzania, Kigoma, Kasoge
Graphium (Arisbe) porthaon tanganyikae ; [AfrL]

G. p. mackiei Collins & Larsen, 1991

Kenya Graphium porthaon mackiei Collins & Larsen, 1991; in Larsen, The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 119, 438, TL: Kenya, Meru Forest
Graphium (Arisbe) porthaon mackiei ; [AfrL]

The angolanus species-group

angolanus ; [AfrL]

Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779)

-. See [About maps] Angola white-lady swordtail White lady
Papilio angolanus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 87, TL: Angolae
Graphium pylades ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 18]
Papilio angolanus ; [PBSA]
Graphium angolanus ; [BK, 116]
Graphium (Arisbe) angolanus ; [AfrL]

Larva on Annona senegalensis, Sphedamnocarpus pruriens [PBSA], Uvaria [BK], Landolphia buchannani, L. ugandensis [AfrL]

G. a. angolanus

Angola, S.Congo Republic, Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, N.Botswana, N.Namibia, Transvaal, Natal, Swaziland, Comoro Is. Papilio anthemenes Wallengren, 1857; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm (n.f.) 2 (4): 6, TL: "Caffraria"