[HOME] [INDEXES] < Life < Insecta < Lepidoptera < Ditrysia < Papilionoidea < Papilionidae < Papilioninae
prev <   > next Scientific names Finnish: Finnish names English: English names
AllParides <  > Pseudopontia Battus  (battus)  (battus)
       
PhotoParides <  > Pseudopontia   (battus)
Battus Scopoli, 1777
Battus Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433, TS: Papilio polydamas Linnaeus
Laertias Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84, TS: Papilio philenor Linnaeus
= ; [NL4A, 90]
Ithoballus Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio polydamas Linnaeus
= ; [NL4A, 90]
Battuosa Möhn, 1999
= ; [NL4A, 90]
Laertiades ; Doubleday, [1846], Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 5 (missp.)
Ithobalus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4 (missp.)
Battus (Battiti) ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 1
Battus (Battina) ; [NL4A, 90]

Subgenus Battus
Battus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2

The philenor species-group
philenor ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2
Battus zetides (Munroe, 1971)
Haiti, Dominican Republic Papilio zetides Munroe, 1971; (repl. name), TL: Dominican Rep.
Papilio zetes Westwood, 1847; (preocc. Linnaeus, 1758), TL: Dominican Rep.
Battus zetes ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 5]
Battus (Battus) zetides ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 1, f. 1-4
Battus zetides ; [NL4A, #55]

Larva on Aristolochia bilabiata, Aristolochia montana Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2

Battus devilliersii (Godart, 1823)
Cuba, Bahamas. See [About maps] Papilio devilliersii Godart, 1823; , TL: Cuba
Battus devilliers ; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 2 (text only)]
Battus (Battus) devilliersi ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 1, f. 5-8
Battus devilliersii ; [NL4A, #46]

Larva on Aristolochia elegans Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2

Battus philenor (Linnaeus, 1771)
-. See [About maps] Pipevine Swallowtail Blue Swallowtail
Papilio philenor Linnaeus, 1771; Mantissa Plant. 2: 535, TL: "America"
Battus philenor philenor, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus philenor philenor, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Battus philenor, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Battus philenor, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Battus philenor philenor, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
 Papilio philenor ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 204, 3: pl. 65, f. 18, 18a
Laertias philenor ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Battus philenor ; [NACL, #4157]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 1]; [BNR]; [BOC, 115]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #52]
[philenor-1.jpg] 800x907 (~97Kb) USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia, "Butterlfy garden", Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela [philenor-1l.jpg] 1200x839 (~120Kb) larva USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela [philenor-2.jpg] 650x899 (~82Kb) USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 3.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela
[philenor-3l.jpg] 769x1645 (~155Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 12.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny [philenor-3lx.jpg] 700x976 (~79Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 12.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny [philenor-4fu.jpg] 656x650 (~106Kb) upperside female USA: Alabama, 3.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
[philenor-5mu.jpg] 1400x1050 (~280Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, 1.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny [philenor-5v.jpg] 1200x1074 (~183Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 3.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny [philenor-6v.jpg] 1600x1162 (~165Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 5.6.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Aristolochia macrophylla, A. serpentaria, A. californica, A. longiflora [NAB]


B. p. philenor
S.Ontario, New England - Florida, S.Ontario - Nebraska - Texas - Arizona, California, Oregon, Mexico, Guatemala Papilio astinous Drury, [1773]; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1: pl. 11, f. 1, 4, TL: New York; Maryland; Virginia
= ; [NL4A, #52a]
Papilio philenor var. obsoleta Ehrmann, 1900; Canad. Ent. 32: 348, TL: Pennsylvania
= ; [NL4A, #52a]
ab. wasmuthii (Weeks, 1901) (Papilio); J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 9: 82, TL: New York
= ; [NL4A, #52a]
Papilio serpenteriae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name)
= ; [NL4A, #52a]
Laertias philenor obsoleta ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Laertias philenor wasmuthi ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Battus (Battus) philenor philenor ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 2, f. 3-4, pl. 16, f. 1-2
Battus philenor philenor ; [NL4A, #52a]
B. p. insularis Vázquez, 1957
N.Mexico (Baja California) philenor insularis Vázquez, 1957; , TL: Baja California
Battus philenor insularis, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus philenor insularis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Battus (Battus) philenor insularis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 7
Battus philenor insularis ; [NL4A, #52d]
B. p. hirsuta (Skinner, 1908)
California philenor hirsuta (Skinner, 1908) (Papilio); , TL: Plumas Co., California
tr.f. inghami (Gunder, 1927) (Papilio); , TL: USA(California)
= ; [NL4A, #52c]
Battus philenor hirsuta ; [NACL, #4157a]
Battus (Battus) philenor hirsuta ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 1-2
Battus philenor hirsuta ; [NL4A, #52c]

Larva on Aristolochia californica Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3

B. p. acauda (Oberthür, 1879)
New Mexico, SE.Mexico Papilio acauda Oberthür, 1879; Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 98
Papilio nezhualcoyotl Strecker, 1885; , TL: New Mexico
= Laertias acauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
= ; [NL4A, #52b]
Papilio corbis Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3: 357, TL: Mexico, Yucatán, Valladolid
= Laertias acauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
= ; [NL4A, #52b]
Battus philenor acauda, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus philenor acauda, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Papilio corbis ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 205, 3: pl. 66, f. 7-8
Laertias acauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Battus (Battus) philenor acauda ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 5-6, pl. 16, f. 3-4
Battus philenor acauda ; [NL4A, #52b]
B. p. orsua (Godman & Salvin, 1889)
Marias Islands Papilio orsua Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3: 358, TL: Mexico, Nayarit, Tres Marias Islands
Papilio orsua ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 205, 3: pl. 55, f. 9-10
Battus (Battus) philenor orsua ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 7-8
Battus philenor orsua ; [NL4A, #52e]

The polydamas species-group
polydamas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3
Battus polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758)
-. See [About maps] Polydamas Swallowtail Gold-rim Swallowtail
Papilio polydamas Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460, TL: "Hibisco mutabitis America"
Battus polydamas polydamas, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus polydamas polydamas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Battus polydamas, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
 polydamus ; McDunnough, 1938, (missp.)
Papilio polydamas ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 200, 3: pl. 65, f. 14
Laertias polydamas ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 4
Battus polydamas ; [NACL, #4158]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 2]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #53]

Larva on Aristolochia veraguensis [BCR]


Mentioned by Linnaeus description, is really Papilio androgeus
[merian_31.jpg] 468x595 (~50Kb) Plate No. 31 © MERIAN

Honey & Scoble, 2001, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132: 284

B. p. polydamas
Tropical America (continetal) Papilio anguicidas Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name)
= ; [NL4A, #53a]
Battus (Battus) polydamas polydamas ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 156; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 3, f. 1-8, pl. 16, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas polydamas ; [BCR, 68]; [John Shuey]; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #53a]
B. p. psittacus (Molina, 1782)
NE.Chile, ?W.Argentina (Mendoza) Papilio psittacus Molina, 1782; , TL: Chile
Papilio archidamas Boisduval, 1836; , TL: Chile
= ; [NL4A, #53o]
bias (Kirby, 1871) (Papilio); (preocc. Fabricius, 1787), TL: Chile
= ; [NL4A, #53o]
lindeni (Ehrmann, 1926) (Papilio); , TL: "Argentina"
= ; [NL4A, #53o]
Battus (Battus) archidamas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 7-8, pl. 17, f. 7-8
Battus archidamas ; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 2 (text only)]
Battus polydamas psittacus ; [NL4A, #53o]

Larva on Aristolochia chilensis, A. pearsei Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5

B. p. cebriones (Dalman, 1823)
Martinique Ithobalus xenodamas Hübner, [1825]
= ; [NL4A, #53d]
Papilio eurydamas Kirby, 1871; , TL: Martinique
= ; [NL4A, #53d]
Battus polydamas xenodamas, Lepidoptera of French Antilles [Pierre Zagatti]
 Battus polydamas xenodamas ;
Battus (Battus) polydamas cebriones ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 7
Battus polydamas cebriones ; [NL4A, #53d]
B. p. neodamas (Lucas, 1852)
Guadeloupe polydamas neodamas (Lucas, 1852) (Papilio); , TL: [Guadelope]
Battus polydamas neodamas, Lepidoptera of French Antilles [Pierre Zagatti]
 Battus (Battus) polydamas neodamas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 5
Battus polydamas neodamas ; [NL4A, #53l]
B. p. polycrates (Hopffer, 1865)
Haïti, Dominican Republic polydamas polycrates (Hopffer, 1865) (Papilio); , TL: "Brazil(Pa)"
Papilio hypodamas Guenée, 1872; , TL: Haiti
= ; [NL4A, #53n]
Battus (Battus) polydamas polycrates ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 7-8, pl. 16, f. 7-8
Battus polydamas polycrates ; [NL4A, #53n]
B. p. streckerianus (Honrath, 1884)
Peru Papilio streckerianus Honrath, 1884; , TL: Peru
Papilio mathani Oberthür, 1892; , TL: Peru
= ; [NL4A, #53q]
Battus (Battus) streckerianus streckerianus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 6, f. 1-2, pl. 17, f. 1-2
Battus polydamas streckerianus ; [NL4A, #53q]

Larva on Aristolochia streckerianus Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4

B. p. antiquus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Antigua Papilio polydamas antiquus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Antigua
Battus (Battus) polydamas antiquus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 2
Battus polydamas antiquus ; [NL4A, #53b]
B. p. dominicus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Dominique Papilio polydamas dominicus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Dominica
Battus (Battus) polydamas dominicus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 6
Battus polydamas dominicus ; [NL4A, #53g]
B. p. jamaicensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Jamaica Papilio polydamas jamaicensis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Jamaica
Battus (Battus) polydamas jamaicensis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas jamaicensis ; [NL4A, #53i]
B. p. lucayus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Bahamas, Florida (migratory) Papilio polydamas lucayus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Bahamas
Battus polydamas lucayus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Battus (Battus) polydamas lucayus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 1-2
Battus polydamas lucayus ; [NACL, #4158a]; [NL4A, #53j]
B. p. lucianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Saint Lucy Papilio polydamas lucianus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: St. Lucia
Battus (Battus) polydamas lucianus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 8
Battus polydamas lucianus ; [NL4A, #53k]
B. p. vincentius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Saint Vincent Papilio polydamas vincentius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: St. Vincent
Battus (Battus) polydamas vincentius ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 3
Battus polydamas vincentius ; [NL4A, #53s]
B. p. thyamus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands Papilio polydamas thyamus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: St. Thomas
Papilio ?cnejus Fabricius, 1938; (nom. dub.)
= ; [NL4A, #53r]
Battus (Battus) polydamas thyamus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 5, f. 1
Battus polydamas thyamus ; [NL4A, #53r]
B. p. grenadensis (Hall, 1930)
Granada polydamas grenadensis (Hall, 1930) (Papilio); , TL: Grenada
Battus (Battus) polydamas grenadensis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 4
Battus polydamas grenadensis ; [NL4A, #53h]
B. p. christopheranus (Hall, 1936)
Saint Kitts polydamas christopheranus (Hall, 1936) (Papilio); , TL: St. Kitts
Battus (Battus) polydamas christopheranus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 2
Battus polydamas christopheranus ; [NL4A, #53e]
B. p. cubensis (Dufrane, 1946)
Cuba Papilio (Pharmacophagus) polydamas cubensis Dufrane, 1946; , TL: Cuba
Battus (Battus) polydamas cubensis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 3-4
Battus polydamas cubensis ; [NL4A, #53f]
B. p. peruanus (Fuchs, 1954)
Peru polydamas peruanus (Fuchs, 1954) (Papilio); , TL: Peru
Battus (Battus) streckerianus peruanus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 3-4, pl. 17, f. 3-4
Battus polydamas peruanus ; [NL4A, #53m]
B. p. atahualpa Racheli & Pischedda, 1987
Peru Battus polydamas atahualpa Racheli & Pischedda, 1987; Fragm. Ent. Roma 19: (311-321), TL: Peru
Battus (Battus) streckerianus atahualpa ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 5-6, pl. 17, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas atahualpa ; [NL4A, #53c]
B. p. renani Lamas, 1998
Peru polydamas renani Lamas, 1998; Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997): (127-131), f. 2-5, TL: Peru
Battus (Battus) streckerianus renani ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 1
Battus polydamas renani ; [NL4A, #53p]

Larva on Aristolochia weberbaueri? Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5

B. p. weyrauchi Lamas, 1998
Peru polydamas weyrauchi Lamas, 1998; , TL: Peru
Battus (Battus) streckerianus weyrauchi ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 2-3
Battus polydamas weyrauchi ; [NL4A, #53t]

Subgenus Battuosa Möhn, 1999
Battuosa Möhn, 1999; Butterflies of the World 5: 5, TS: Papilio belus Cramer

The madyes species-group
madyes ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5
Battus madyes (Doubleday, 1846)
-. See [About maps] Papilio madyes Doubleday, 1846; , TL: Bolivia
Battus madyas[sic?] ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 3]
Battus madyes ; [NL4A, #51]
B. m. madyes
Bolivia Battus (Battuosa) madyes madyes ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 8, f. 1-2, pl. 18, f. 6
Battus madyes madyes ; [NL4A, #51a]
B. m. chlorodamas (Guenée, 1872)
E.Peru madyes chlorodamas (Guenée, 1872) (Papilio); , TL: Peru
Papilio madyes var. marsyas Staudinger, 1894; , TL: Peru
= ; [NL4A, #51e]
Battus (Battuosa) madyes chlorodamas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 5-6, pl. 18, f. 5
Battus madyes chlorodamas ; [NL4A, #51e]
B. m. montebanus (Dyar, 1913)
Peru madyes montebanus (Dyar, 1913) (Papilio); , TL: Peru
Battus (Battuosa) madyes inca Möhn, 1999; Butterflies of the World 8: 1, pl. 1, f. 7-8, pl. 4, f. 8, TL: Macchu Picchu, Cuzco, S.Peru
= ; [NL4A, #51i]
Battus madyes inca ; [BW5]
Battus (Battuosa) madyes montebanus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 8
Battus madyes montebanus ; [NL4A, #51i]
B. m. plinius (Weymer, 1890)
N.Peru madyes plinius (Weymer, 1890) (Papilio); , TL: Peru
philetas fabius (Biedermann, 1935) (Papilio); (preocc. Cramer, 1776), TL: "Colombia"
= ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6; [NL4A, #51k]
Battus (Battuosa) madyes plinius ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 3-4, pl. 18, f. 3-4
Battus madyes plinius ; [NL4A, #51k]
B. m. tucumanus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)
NW.Argentina Papilio madyes tucumanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Argentina
Battus (Battuosa) madyes tucumanus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 8, f. 3-4
Battus madyes tucumanus ; [NL4A, #51l]
B. m. adloni (Ehrmann, 1926)
C.Ecuador madyes adloni (Ehrmann, 1926) (Papilio); , TL: E.Ecuador
Battus (Battuosa) madyes adloni ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, back, f. 5-6; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 4
Battus madyes adloni ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #51b]
B. m. philetas (Hewitson, 1869)
S.Ecuador madyes philetas (Hewitson, 1869) (Papilio); , TL: S.Ecuador
Battus (Battuosa) madyes philetas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 5-6
Battus philetas ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 3 (text only)]
Battus madyes philetas ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #51j]
B. m. magnimacula (Joicey & Talbot, 1925)
N.Peru madyes magnimacula (Joicey & Talbot, 1925) (Papilio); , TL: "W. slopes of the Andes, 10000'"
Battus philetas magnimacula ;
Battus (Battuosa) madyes magnimacula ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 7
Battus madyes magnimacula ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #51h]
B. m. lojaensis Möhn, 1999
S.Ecuador Battus (Battuosa) madyes lojaensis Möhn, 1999; , TL: Loja, Süd-Ecuador
Battus (Battuosa) madyes lojaensis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 7, f. 1-2, pl. 18, f. 1-2
Battus madyes lojaensis ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #51g]
B. m. buechei Lamas, 1998
C.Peru Battus madyes buechei Lamas, 1998; , TL: Peru
Battus (Battuosa) madyes buechei ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, back f. 3-4
Battus madyes buechei ; [NL4A, #51c]
B. m. callangaensis Möhn, 2001
Peru (Battuosa) madyes callangaensis Möhn, 2001; (repl. name), TL: Peru
Papilio madyes crispus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752) (preocc. Cramer, 1777), TL: Peru
= Battus madyes montebanus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6
= ; [NL4A, #51d]
Battus madyes callangaensis ; [NL4A, #51d]
B. m. frankenbachi Möhn, 2001
Peru (Battuosa) madyes frankenbachi Möhn, 2001; , TL: Peru
Battus madyes frankenbachi ; [NL4A, #51f]

The belus species-group
belus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6
Battus eracon (Godman & Salvin, 1897)
Mexico. See [About maps] Papilio eracon Godman & Salvin, 1897; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897: 248, TL: Mexico, Colima
f. ochracea (Vázquez, 1953) (Papilio); (preocc. Rousseau-Decelle, 1933), TL: Mexico, Michoacán
= ; [NL4A, #47]
ab. incolorus Vázquez, 1957; , TL: Mexico, Jalisco
= ; [NL4A, #47]
Battus eracon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus eracon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Papilio eracon ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728, 3: pl. 111, f. 11-12
Battus (Battuosa) eracon ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 9, f. 7-8, pl. 19, f. 3-4
Battus eracon ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 4 (text only)]; [NL4A, #47]

Larva on Aristolochia tentaculata Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6

Battus polystictus (Butler, 1874)
-. See [About maps] Papilio polystictus Butler, 1874; , TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
Battus polystictus ; [NL4A, #54]; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 4]

Larva on Aristolochia brasiliensis, A. fimbriata, A. triangularis Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7

B. p. polystictus
Brazil(Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Urugyau, Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes - Buenos Aires) Battus (Battuosa) polystictus polystictus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 9, f. 1-4, pl. 19, f. 1-2
Battus polystictus polystictus ; [NL4A, #54a]
B. p. galenus (Fruhstorfer, 1907)
Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro) polystictus galenus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Papilio); , TL: "Surinam"
Papilio polystictus janira Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752) (preocc. Linnaeus, 1758), TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
= ; [NL4A, #54b]
Battus (Battuosa) polystictus galenus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 9, f. 5-6
Battus polystictus galenus ; [NL4A, #54b]
Battus laodamas (C. & R. Felder, 1859)
-. See [About maps] Papilio laodamas C. & R. Felder, 1859; , TL: Colombia
Battus laodamus[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 1 (text only)]
Battus laodamas ; [NL4A, #49]

Larva on Aristolochia tentaculata Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7

B. l. laodamas
Colombia - SW.Venzuela Battus (Battuosa) laodamas laodamas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 7-8, pl. 19, f. 5-6
Battus laodamas laodamas ; [NL4A, #49a]
B. l. copanae (Reakirt, 1863)
S.Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras Papilio copanae Reakirt, 1863; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad, 2: 141, TL: Guatemala
Papilio chrysodamas Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1, TL: Guatemala
= Papilio copanae ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202
= ; [NL4A, #49b]
Papilio chromealus Ehrmann, 1912; , TL: Honduras
= ; [NL4A, #49b]
f. ochracea (Vázquez, 1949) (Papilio); , TL: Mexico(Veracruz)
= ; [NL4A, #49b]
f. media (Vázquez, 1953) (Papilio); , TL: Mexico(Veracruz)
= ; [NL4A, #49b]
f. iopanae Vázquez, 1957; , TL: Mexico(Oaxaca)
= ; [NL4A, #49b]
Battus laodamas copanae, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus laodamas copanae, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Papilio copanae ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202, 3: pl. 66, f. 4-6
Battus (Battuosa) laodamas copanae ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 3-4
Battus laodamas copanae ; [NL4A, #49b]; [John Shuey]
[copanae-1.jpg] 553x491 (~29Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

B. l. iopas (Godman & Salvin, 1897)
N.Mexico Papilio iopas Godman & Salvin, 1897; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897: 248, TL: Mexico, Colima
Papilio procas Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 203, 3: pl. 65, f. 14-16 (preocc. Cramer, 1777), TL: Mexico, Nayarit
= ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7; [NL4A, #49c]
Papilio laodamas procas f. ochracea Vázquez, 1953; , TL: Mexico, Michoacán
= ; [NL4A, #49c]
Battus laodamas iopas, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus laodamas iopas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Papilio iopas ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728, 3: pl. 111, f. 9-10
Battus (Battuosa) laodamas iopas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 1-2
Battus laodamas iopas ; [NL4A, #49c]
B. l. rhipidius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
Costa Rica, Panama Battus laodamas rhipidius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Costa Rica
Battus laodamas rhipidus ; [BCR, 69]
Battus (Battuosa) laodamas rhipidius ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 5-6
Battus laodamas rhipidius ; [NL4A, #49d]
Battus ingenuus (Dyar, 1907)
SE.Mexico - Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad. See [About maps] Papilio ingenuus Dyar, 1907; , TL: Orizaba, Mexico
Papilio latinus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72 (preocc. Donovan, 1805), TL: Venezuela, Merida
= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #48]
Papilio belus f. chrysomaculatus Niepelt, 1915; , TL: Ecuador,Macas
= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #48]
Papilio belus camposia Schaus, 1928; , TL: Baños, Ecuador
= ; [NL4A, #48]; [EcuL]
Battus belus chalceus f. ochracea Vázquez, 1957; , TL: Mexico, Chiapas
= ; [NL4A, #48]
Battus ingenuus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus ingenuus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Battus chalceus ingenuus ; [John Shuey]
Battus (Battuosa) ingenuus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 11, f. 1-8, pl. 19, f. 7-8
Battus ingenuus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #48]

Larva on Aristolochia constricta Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7

Battus lycidas (Cramer, [1777])
Mexico - Bolivia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guayanas, Para, Ecuador. See [About maps] Papilio lycidas Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 113, f. A, TL: Surinam
Papilio erymanthus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 113, f. C, TL: Surinam
= ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 201; [NL4A, #50]
f. adlatus (Niepelt, 1915) (Papilio); , TL: Macas, Ecuador
= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #50]
Battus lycidas, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Battus lycidas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Papilio lycidas ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 201, 3: pl. 65, f. 17; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728
Battus lycides[sic?] ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 1 (text only)]
Battus (Battuosa) lycidas ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 8, f. 5-8, pl. 18, f. 7-8
Battus lycidas ; [BCR, 69]; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #50]

Larva on Aristolochia huberiana Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8

Battus belus (Cramer, 1777)
-. See [About maps] Papilio belus Cramer, 1777; , TL: Surinam
Battus belus ; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 1]; [NL4A, #44]

Larva on Aristolochia [BCR]

B. b. belus
Guyanas, Surinam Papilio numitor Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 113, TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #44a]
Papilio amulius Esper, 1792; , TL: ?
= ; [NL4A, #44a]
Papilio caburi Kaye, 1906; , TL: Guyana
= ; [NL4A, #44a]
Papilio numitor ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202, 3: pl. 66, f. 1-3; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728
Battus (Battuosa) belus belus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 1-2
Battus belus belus ; [NL4A, #44a]
B. b. varus (Kollar, 1850)
Guatemala - Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil(Amazonas) belus varus (Kollar, 1850) (Papilio); , TL: "Nova-Granada ad ripas fluminis St. Magdalena"
Papilio belus f. amazonis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; , TL: Peru
= ; [NL4A, #44e]
Papilio heteropterus Zikán, 1937; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
= ; Möhn, 199, : 8; [NL4A, #44e]
Papilio belus chalceus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): (411-752), TL: Mexico, Guerrero
= ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8
?Battus belus chalceus ;
?chalceus ; [NL4A, 91 (sp. inquirenda)]
Battus (Battuosa) belus varus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 5-8, pl. 14, f. 4, pl. 20, f. 1-2
Battus belus varus ; [BCR, 69]; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #44e]
B. b. belemus (Bates, 1864)
Brazil(Pará, Amazonas) belus belemus (Bates, 1864) (Papilio); , TL: Brazil, Pará
Battus (Battuosa) belus belemus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 3
Battus belus belemus ; [NL4A, #44c]
B. b. cochabamba (Weeks, 1901)
Peru, Bolivia belus cochabamba (Weeks, 1901) (Papilio); , TL: Bolivia
Papilio belus ab. gastoni Talbot, 1932; , TL: Peru
= ; [NL4A, #44d]
Battus (Battuosa) belus cochabamba ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 13, f. 1-8, pl. 14, f. 1-3, pl. 20, f. 3-4
Battus belus cochabamba ; [NL4A, #44d]
B. b. aureochloris Brown, 1994
Brazil(Pará) belus aureochloris Brown, 1994; , TL: Brazil, Pará
Battus (Battuosa) belus aureochloris ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 4
Battus belus aureochloris ; [NL4A, #44b]
Battus crassus (Cramer, 1777)
-. See [About maps] Papilio crassus Cramer, 1777; , TL: Surinam
Battus (Battus) crassus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 156
Battus crassus ; [BCR, 69]; [BOW: pl. 23, f. 2]; [NL4A, #45]

Larva on Aristolochia cymbifera, A. esperanzae, A. gigantea, A. macroura, A. veraguensis, A. odora, A. didyma, A. brasiliensis Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8

B. c. crassus
Peru, Surinam, Brazil(Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro), N.Argentina (Misiones) f. ambigua (Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912) (Papilio); , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
= ; [NL4A, #45a]
f. flavus (Fernández, 1932) (Papilio); , TL: Peru
= ; [NL4A, #45a]
Battus (Battuosa) crassus crassus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 14, f. 7-8, pl. 15, f. 1-3, pl. 20, f. 5-6, title f. 1-2
Battus crassus crassus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #45a]
B. c. hirundo (Röber, 1925)
N.Bolivia crassus hirundo (Röber, 1925) (Papilio); , TL: Bolivia
Battus hirundo ; [BNR]
Battus (Battuosa) crassus hirundo ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 15, f. 7-8, pl. 20, f. 7-8
Battus crassus hirundo ; [NL4A, #45b]
B. c. paraensis (Brown, 1994)
Brazil(Pará) crassus paraensis (Brown, 1994) (Papilio); , TL: Brazil, Pará
Battus (Battuosa) crassus paraensis ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 9, pl. 14, f. 5-6
Battus crassus paraensis ; [NL4A, #45d]
B. c. lepidus (C. & R. Felder, 1861)
Costa Rica, Venezuela, W.Colombia, WEcuador Papilio lepidus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72, TL: Venezuela, prov. Caracas
Papilio lepidus ; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 203
Battus (Battuosa) crassus lepidus ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 15, f. 4-6
Battus crassus lepidus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #45c]

2.8.2008 (12)

References:
[About maps]
Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.
[BAMONA]
Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA]
electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BCR]
DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae
[BNR]
D'Abrera, B., 1981; Butterflies of the Neotropical Region
[BOA]
Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[BOC]
Robert Michael Pyle, 2002; The Butterflies of Cascadia
[BOW]
Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X
[BW5]
Möhn, Bauer (ed.) & Frankenbach (ed.), 1999; Butterflies of the World, 5
[Bruce Walsh]
Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon
[EcuL]
Tommaso & Luigi Racheli, 2001; An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae); Fragmenta entomologica 33 (2): 213-380
[GALEPS]
Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm
[HBN]
Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[ILMB]
Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-NEO]
Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[MERIAN]
Merian, M. S., 1705; Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Of te verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen, na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kirkvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven; pp. 1-60, pl. 1-60; Image from Francisco Welter-Schultes
[NAB]
Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0
[NACL]
Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico
[NL4A]
Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea
[Opler]
Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.
[Pierre Zagatti]
WWW pages; Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the French Antilles; e-mail: Pierre Zagatti
[Vitaly Charny]
Birmingham, Alabama, USA

Some related literature:
Bates, 1864
New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864), (2): 31-35 (1864), (3): 55-59 (1864), (4): 81-85 (1864), (5): 113-116 (1864), (6): 126-131 (1864), (7): 161-164 (1864), (8): 178-180 (1865), (9): 202-205 (1865)
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168
Cramer, [1777]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)
Doubleday, [1846]
The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): xii + 1-250, pls. 1-30
Drury, [1773]
Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1: 130pp, 50pls (1770), index to vol. 1 (1773)
Dyar, 1903
A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: xix, 723pp
Ehrmann, 1900
Variations in Some Common Species of Butterflies Canad. Ent. 32: 348
C. & R. Felder, 1861
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111
Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112
Godman & Salvin, 1889
Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3: 351-358
Godman & Salvin, 1897
Descriptions of new species of Central and South American Rhopalocera Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897: 241-248
Honey & Scoble, 2001
Linnaeus's butterflies Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132: 277-399, 39figs
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Lamas, 1998
Cinco papiliónidos nuevos del Perú (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997): 127-131
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: -
Linnaeus, 1771
Mantissa Plantarum altera Generum editionis Vi & Specierum editionis II Mantissa Plant. 2: -,[iv], 142-510, + Regni Animalis Appendix 511-552
Möhn, 1999
Papilionidae II. Battus Butterflies of the World 5: 13pp, 20pls
Möhn, 1999
Papilionidae V. New and rare Papilionidae Butterflies of the World 8: 6pp, 4pls
Oberthür, 1879
Catalogue raisonné des Papilionidae de la Collection de Ch. Oberthür Etudes d'Entomologie, 4: 20-117
Racheli & Pischedda, 1987
A new subspecies of Battus polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758) from Peru (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) Fragm. Ent. Roma 19: 311-321
Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
A revision of the American Papilios Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 411-752, pl. 4-9
Scopoli, 1777
Introductio ad Historiam naturalem sisteus Genera Lapidum, Plantarum et ANimalium detecta, Characteribus -- in tribus divisa, subinde ad Leges Naturae Introd. Hist. nat.: [x], 3-506 + [34 pp.]

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.