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Nymphalis Kluk, 1781
Anglewings
Nymphalis Kluk, 1781; Hist. nat. pocz. gospod. 4: 86, TS: Papilio polychloros Linnaeus
Hamadryas Hübner, [1806]; Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [1] (reject.), TS: Papilio io Linnaeus
Aglais Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 56, TS: Papilio urticae Linnaeus
Polygonia Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 36, TS: Papilio c-aureum Linnaeus
Eugonia Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 36, TS: Papilio angelica Stoll
= Polygonia ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 250]
Inachis Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 37, TS: Papilio io Linnaeus
= Aglais Dalman, 1816; [Wahlberg]
Comma Rennie, 1832; Conspectus Butts. Moths: 8, TS: Papilio c-album Linnaeus
= Polygonia ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 250]
Grapta Kirby, 1837; in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 292, TS: Vanessa c-argenteum Kirby
= Polygonia ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 250]
Scudderia Grote, 1873; Canadian Entomologist, 5: 144 (preocc. Scudderia Stal, 1873), TS: Papilio antiopa Linnaeus
= ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 249]
Euvanessa Scudder, 1889; Butts eastern U.S. Canada (1) (3): 387, TS: Papilio antiopa Linnaeus
= ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 249]
Kaniska Moore, [1899]; Lepidoptera Indica, 4 (41): 91, TS: Papilio canace Linnaeus
= Polygonia ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 250]
Ichnusa Reuss, 1939; Ent. Z. 53: 3, TS: Papilio (Vanessa) ichnusa Bonelli
= Aglais Dalman, 1816; [Wahlberg]
Roddia Korshunov, 1995; Dnevnye babochki Aziatskoi chasti Rossii. Spravochnik.: 81, TS: Papilio l-album Esper
= ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 250]
Antiopana Korb, 2005; A catalogue of butterflies of the ex-USSR: ?, TS: Papilio antiopa Linnaeus
= ;
Nymphalis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Grapta ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 216
Nymphalis (Nymphalidae) ; [BRU2, 28]
Nymphalis (Nymphalini) ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 249]
 Aglais (Nymphalidae) ; [BRU2, 29]
Aglais (Nymphalini) ; [Wahlberg]
Polygonia (Nymphalidae) ; [BRU2, 26]
Polygonia (Nymphalini) ; [NL4A, 250]; [Wahlberg]
Kaniska (Nymphalidae) ; [BRU2, 32]
Inachis (Nymphalidae) ; [BRU2, 26]

Subgenus Nymphalis Kluk, 1781
Nymphalis Kluk, 1781; Hist. nat. pocz. gospod. 4: 86, TS: Papilio polychloros Linnaeus
Nymphalis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis californica (Boisduval, 1852)
WNA. See [About maps] California Tortoiseshell
Vanessa californica Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 306, TL: California
Nymphalis californica, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Nymphalis californica, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Nymphalis californica, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis californica, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Nymphalis californica californica, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
 Eugonia californica ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23
Nymphalis californica ; [EBW]; [NACL, #4431]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #2030]
[californica-1u.jpg] 951x624 (~122Kb) upperside east of Lebanon, Oregon, USA, 9-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt [californica-2v.jpg] 500x627 (~40Kb) underside USA: FR 9712 nr. Liberty, Lion Gulch, (47°15'47N 120°40'15W ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 14.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Ceanothus [NAB]


N. c. californica
California, ... Nymphalis californica californica ; [NL4A, #2030a]
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) californica californica ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. herri Field, 1936
Nymphalis californica herri Field, 1936; , TL: Washington
Nymphalis californica herri ; [NACL, #4431a]
[herri-1v.jpg] 1024x1192 (~186Kb) underside Canada, British Columbia, Genelle, 22 June 2005, Photo © Norbert Kondla [herri-2o.jpg] 1000x1287 (~196Kb) ova Canada, British Columbia, Wanata, May 2006 (egg mass), Photo © Norbert Kondla [herri-3fv.jpg] 1228x1122 (~297Kb) underside female Canada: British Columbia, Wanata, May 2006 (ovipositing on Ceanothus velutinus), Photo © Norbert Kondla

fiNymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)
SEU, CEU, NAF, AM, Himalayas, Chitral - Murree. See [About maps] Kirsikkaperhonen Large Tortoiseshell Blackleg Tortoiseshell Large Tortoiseshell Körsbärsfuks Großer Fuchs Le Grand Tortue Olmera Rusałka wierzbowiec
Papilio polychloros Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 477, TL: Sweden
Papilio testudo Esper, [1781]
pyrrhomelaena Hübner, [1824]
Vanessa pyromelas Freyer, [1834]
Vanessa dixeyi Standfuss, 1895
polychloros fervida Standfuss, 1896; , TL: Volga
Vanessa polychloros lucida Fruhstorfer, 1907
Vanessa polychloros dilucidus Fruhstorfer, 1907
Nymphalis polychloros, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis polychloros, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Nymphalis polychloros, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Nymphalis polychloros, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
 Nymphalis polychloros ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 26]; [EBW]; [BRU2: 29, pl. 17, f. 8-10]; [Otakar Kudrna]
[polychloros-1u.jpg] 951x624 (~105Kb) upperside Alter Hof, Berlin, Germany, 3-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt [polychloros-2p.jpg] 472x634 (~44Kb) pupa Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schönenberg, Siedlungsbereich (8°49'E, 48°57'N, 250m), 04.06.2000, Photo © Karl Hofsäß [polychloros-3l.jpg] 597x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
[polychloros-3p.jpg] 371x550 (~42Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [polychloros-3u.jpg] 597x400 (~94Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [polychloros-4u.jpg] 600x435 (~44Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tretten, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier
[polychloros-5v.jpg] 1400x1050 (~261Kb) underside Hibernating in an abandoned bunker, Sumava, Czech Republic observed by Libor Dvorák, 2004, Photo © NP & CHKO Sumava [polychloros-6vU.jpg] identification uncertain 795x1002 (~185Kb) underside Greece: Ipiros, Gliki, Acheron River, 9.6.2006, Photo © Harri Arkkio

Larva on Pyrus, Prunus, Salix, Ulmus [SPRK], Salix viminalis [BRU2, 29]


N. p. polychloros
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros polychloros ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. p. erythromelas (Austaut, 1885)
W.Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia Vanessa polychloros var. erythromelas Austaut, 1885; Le Naturaliste (Ser.1) 7: 142, TL: Nemours, Algeria
Nymphalis polychloros erythromelas ; [H&R, 84]; [BMAT: 47, pl. 14, f. 4-6]
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) polychloros erythromelas ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis erythromelas ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 26 (text only)]
[erythromelas-1u.jpg] 600x435 (~57Kb) upperside Morocco, Djebel Lakraa, Rif, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Salix pedicellata, Ulmus campestris, U. americana, Sorbus tormilis, Pyrus communis, Malus domestica, Crataegus sp., Populus nigra, Crataegus monogyna [BMAT]


fiNymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, [1781])
CEU, SEEU, C.Asia, China, Japan, Baluchistan, N.Waziristan - Kumaon. See [About maps] Isonokkosperhonen Yellow-legged Tortoisehell Large Tortoiseshell Videfuks Rusałka drzewoszek
Papilio xanthomelas Esper, [1781]; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (3): 77-81, pl. 63, f. 4
Papilio xanthomelas [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 175 (nom. nud.)
Nymphalis xanthomelas, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis xanthomelas, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Nymphalis xanthomelas, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Nymphalis xanthomelas, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Nymphalis xanthomelas, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
 Nymphalis xanthomelas ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 27]; [EBW]; [MRS, 572]; Kudrna & Belicek, 2005, Oedippus 23: 28; [Otakar Kudrna]
[xanthomelas-1l.jpg] 533x400 (~51Kb) larva The Izdrevaya Rivulet valley meadow 1 km of its mouth, surroundings of Novosibirsk, West Siberia, Russia. 22nd June 1996 (A colony of caterpillars on a willow branch hanging just above the water), Photo © Oleg Kosterin [xanthomelas-1v.jpg] 800x600 (~115Kb) underside A road in the woody (pine/birch) Zyryanka Rivulet valley, Botanical Garden, Akademgorodok [Academy Town], Novosibirsk, West Siberia, Russia. 11th April 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [xanthomelas-2v.jpg] 672x650 (~117Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 22.08.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov
[xanthomelas-3u.jpg] 1544x1028 (~203Kb) upperside Hungary: Menes Valley, Aggtelek National Park, 20.VI.2006, Photo © Szabolcs Safian [xanthomelas-4u.jpg] 732x600 (~95Kb) upperside Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 22.08.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Salix [SPRK], Salix elegans, Pistacia integerrima, Celtis australis [BIR] [MRS], Salix excelsa [BRU2, 28]


N. x. xanthomelas
CEU, SEEU, Caucasus, Siberia, Far East, Amur, Ussuri cibinensis Dannehl, 1925
Nymphalis xanthomelas chosenessa Bryk, 1946
Nymphalis xanthomelas xanthomelas ; [BRU2, 28]
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas xanthomelas ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. x. hazara Wyatt & Omoto, 1966
Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, Tian-Shan, Saur, Tarbagatai Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas hazara ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. x. modesta Bryk, 1946
N. x. mongolica Bryk, 1946
N. x. japonica (Stichel, 1902)
Japan, Sakhalin, Kuriles Vanessa xanthomelas japonica Stichel, 1902
Nymphalis xanthomelas sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925; , TL: Sakhalin
jezoensis (Matsumura, 1925)
Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 27 (text only)]; [BRU2, 28]
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas japonica ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. x. formosana (Matsumura, 1925)
Nymphalis xanthomelas formosana ; [MRS, 572]
Nymphalis (Nymphalis) xanthomelas formosana ; [Joseph Belicek]
[formosana-1u.jpg] 640x464 (~69Kb) upperside Taiwan, Photo © Felix Lin [formosana-2v.jpg] 640x451 (~40Kb) underside Taiwan, Photo © Felix Lin

N. x. anna Krzywicki, 1967
Nymphalis xanthomelas anna Krzywicki, 1967; , TL: Bielowieza, Poland
N. x. fervescens (Stichel, [1908])
Transcaucasia, Kopet-Dagh Vanessa xanthomelas fervescens Stichel, [1908]; , TL: Mardan, India
fervida Staudinger, 1901; (preocc.)
Nymphalis xanthomelas fervescens ; [MRS, 572]; [BRU2, 28]

Subgenus Aglais Dalman, 1816
Aglais Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 56, TS: Papilio urticae Linnaeus
Ichnusa Reuss, 1939; Ent. Z. 53: 3, TS: Papilio (Vanessa) ichnusa Bonelli
Aglais, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
fiNymphalis urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)
EU, Asia Minor, C.Asia, Siberia, China, Mongolia, Korea. See [About maps] Nokkosperhonen Small Tortoiseshell Mountain Tortoiseshell Nässelfjäril Kleiner Fuchs La Petite Tortue Ortiguera Rusałka pokrzywnik
Papilio urticae Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 477
ichnusoides (Sélys, 1837)
atrebatensis (Boisduval, 1873)
osborni (Donckier de Douceel, 1881)
nigricaria (de Moffarte, 1895)
discolor (Rühl, 1896)
pygmaea (Rühl, 1896)
nigrita (Fickert, 1897)
thibetana (Austaut, 1898); , TL: Tibet
turcicoides (Staudinger, 1901); , TL: Turkmenistan
conjuncta (Neuburger, 1905)
dannenbergi (Neuburg, 1905)
?xanthomeleana repetita (Jachontov, 1905)
consentanea (Jachontov, 1906)
bolandii (Lambillion, 1907)
brunneoviolacea (Raynor, 1909)
alba (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
flavotessellata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
ignea (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
ioformis (Raynor, 1909)
lutea (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
magniguttata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
magnilunulata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
magninotata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
magnipuncta (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
nubilata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
parviguttata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
parvipuncta (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
punctijuncta (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
radiata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
strigata (Raynor, 1909); , TL: Essex, England
subtusornata (Reuss, 1910)
pseudoconnexa (Cabeau, 1911); , TL: Belgium
erythrophaea (Fritsch, 1913); , TL: Germany
fervida (Fritsch, 1913); , TL: Germany
teruelensis (Sheldon, 1913)
fasciata (Manslowscy, 1923); , TL: Poland
obtusa (Bang-Haas, 1927); , TL: Kansu, China
semiichnusoides (Pronin, 1928); , TL: Germany
Vanessa urticae coreensis Kleinschmidt, 1929
impuncta (Lempke, 1931); Belgium
Aglais urticae, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Aglais urticae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Aglais urticae, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Aglais urticae, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Aglais urticae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Aglais urticae, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Aglais urticae, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
 Aglais urticae ; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 11]; [EBW]; [MRS, 569]; [BMAT: 104, pl. 32, f. 28 (two records in N.Africa)]; [BRU2: 29, pl. 19, f. 1-9]; [Opler]
Nymphalis urticae ; [Otakar Kudrna]
[urticae-1.jpg] 1200x873 (~91Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 7.8.1999, Photo © Markku Savela [urticae-2.jpg] 500x378 (~125Kb) Plymbridge woods, Devon, UK 24/06/95, Photo © Simon Coombes [urticae-3u.jpg] 600x435 (~32Kb) upperside FINLAND: Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 28.4.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
[urticae-4mfu.jpg] 800x600 (~112Kb) upperside male female The Zyryanka Rivulet valley, the surroundings of Akademgorodok [Academy Town], Novosibirsk, West Siberia, Russia. 7th April 1995 (Playing male and female), Photo © Oleg Kosterin [urticae-4p.jpg] 400x533 (~52Kb) pupa Nettle (Urtica cannabina L.) thickets in ravines on the south-exposed slopes of the mountain Kuku-Khadan on the northern bank of Lake Zun-Torei, Onon District, SE Chita Province, Siberia, Rissia (just at the Mongolian border). 24th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [urticae-4v.jpg] 636x574 (~43Kb) underside An Irtysh River left arm within the city of Omsk, West Siberia, Russia. 29th July 1998 (on Butomus umbellatus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin
[urticae-5p.jpg] 474x671 (~25Kb) pupa Nettle (Urtica cannabina L.) thickets in ravines on the south- exposed slopes of the mountain Kuku-Khadan on the northern bank of Lake Zun-Torei, Onon District, SE Chita Province, Siberia, Rissia (just at the Mongolian border) (A just hatched pupa, still soft and not fully coloured, which is sucked by a group of bugs (not carnivorous ones!)). 24th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [urticae-6l.jpg] 590x400 (~70Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [urticae-6u.jpg] 600x400 (~44Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
[urticae-7u.jpg] 1000x760 (~88Kb) upperside FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 26.8.2000, Photo © Markku Savela [urticae-8x.jpg] 600x800 (~89Kb) Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 30.6.2002(?), Photo © Leif Wahlberg [urticae-8y.jpg] 600x800 (~87Kb) Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 4.8.2003, Photo © Leif Wahlberg
[urticae-8z.jpg] 779x584 (~102Kb) Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 2.9.2003, Photo © Leif Wahlberg [urticae-9u.jpg] 1100x1005 (~128Kb) upperside Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela [urticae-a1u.jpg] 687x605 (~113Kb) Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 08.08.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov
[urticae-l.jpg] 800x578 (~66Kb) larva Finland, Järvenpää 670:39, 29.6.1977, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen

Larva on Urtica, U. urens, U. dioeca, Humulus lupulus [SPRK], Urticaceae [MRS], Urtica angustifolia, Cannabis sativa [BRU2, 30]


N. u. urticae
EU, W.Siberia - Altai Aglais urticae urticae
Aglais urticae urticae ; [BRU2, 30]
Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae urticae ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. u. polaris (Staudinger, 1871)
N.Europe, Siberia, Far East Aglais urticae polaris Staudinger, 1871
Aglais urticae polaris ; [BRU2, 30]
N. u. turcica (Staudinger, 1871)
SEU, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Kopet-Dagh, Middle Asia Aglais urticae turcica ; [BRU2, 30]
N. u. baicalensis (Kleinschmidt, 1929)
Sayan, Transbaikalia Aglais urticae baicalensis Kleinschmidt, 1929
Aglais urticae baicalensis ; [BRU2, 30]
N. u. eximia (Sheljuzhko, 1919)
Amur, Ussuri ussuriensis (Kleinschmidt, 1929)
mandschuriensis (Kleinschmidt, 1929)
Aglais urticae eximia ; [BRU2, 30]
N. u. stoetzneri (Kleinschmidt, 1929)
Szechuan urticae stoetzneri (Kleinschmidt, 1929); , TL: Szechuan
Aglais urticae stoetzneri ; [BRU2, 30]
N. u. kansuensis (Kleinschmidt, 1940)
Vanessa urticae kansuensis Kleinschmidt, 1940; , TL: NW.China
Aglais urticae kansuensis ; [MRS, 569]
Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae kansuensis ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. u. chinensis Leech, 1893
urticae chinensis Leech, 1893; Butts China Japan Corea (1): 258 (1892-1894), pl. 25, f. 1
Aglais urticae chinensis ; [MRS, 569]
Aglais nixa chinensis ; [BRU2, 31]
Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae chinensis ; [Joseph Belicek]
Aglais urticae chinensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 80 (note)
N. u. connexa (Butler, [1882])
S.Ussuri, S.Sakhalin, Kuriles, Japan Vanessa urticae connexa Butler, [1882]; , TL: Toshima, Hokkaido
Aglais connexa ; [BRU2: 30, pl. 19, f. 10-12]
Nymphalis (Aglais) urticae connexa ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis ichnusa (Hübner, [1823-1824])
Corsica, Sardinia. See [About maps] Papilio ichnusa Hübner, [1823-1824]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 170 (1823-1824), f. 840
Papilio (Vanessa) ichnusa Bonelli, 1826; Memorie R. Acc. Sci. Torino 30: 174, 186, pl. 2, f. 2
Nymphalis (Aglais) ichnusa ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis ichnusa ; [Otakar Kudrna]
[ichnusa-1mu.jpg] 1600x1246 (~300Kb) upperside male Corsica, Ventiseri, 5.VI.1971, e.l, coll. NMSB, Photo © O. Kudrna [ichnusa-1mv.jpg] 1600x1243 (~209Kb) underside male Corsica, Ventiseri, 5.VI.1971, e.l, coll. NMSB, Photo © O. Kudrna

Nymphalis caschmirensis (Kollar, [1844])
Himalaya, ?Pamirs. See [About maps] Indian Tortoiseshell
Vanessa caschmirensis Kollar, [1844]; in Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4 (2): 442, pl. 9, f. 3-4, TL: Kashmir
Vanessa caschmirensis aesis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9 : 527 (11 April, 1912)
Vanessa cashmiriensis; [BIR]
Aglais kaschmirensis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
 Aglais kaschmirensis ; auct.
Aglais caschmirensis ; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 11 (text only)]; [EBW]; [BRU2: 31, pl. 20, f. 4-6]

[kaschmirensis-1u.jpg] 1600x1200 (~208Kb) upperside India: Kalimpong nr. Darjeeling, 10.10.1960 (T.W. Davies leg.), Photo © Norbert Kondla [kaschmirensis-1v.jpg] 1600x1200 (~242Kb) underside India: Kalimpong nr. Darjeeling, 10.10.1960 (T.W. Davies leg.), Photo © Norbert Kondla [kaschmirensis-2u.jpg] 1400x1072 (~164Kb) upperside Nepal: Thorung Phedi, between Manang and Muktinath, 4400m, 16.6.2007, Photo © Visa Mäkelä

N. c. caschmirensis
Nymphalis (Aglais) caschmirensis caschmirensis ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. nixa (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, Afghanistan, Pakistan, W.China Vanessa urticae nixa Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
Aglais urticae nixa ;
Aglais nixa ; [BRU2: 30, pl. 19, f. 13-18]
Nymphalis (Aglais) caschmirensis nixa ; [Joseph Belicek]
[nixa-1u.jpg] 533x400 (~60Kb) upperside A large-stoned scree, at about 2500 m altitude in the headwaters of the Artuch River, Fanskie Gory - a mountain massif between the Zeravshanskii and Ghissarskii mountain ranges, Tadjikistan. 30th April 1991, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Nymphalis rizana (Moore, 1872)
Pamirs-Alai, Afghanistan, NW.Himalayas. See [About maps] Aglais rizana Moore, 1872; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 559, TL: Cheeni, Middle Kunawur, NW. Himalaya
Aglais rizana ; [BRU2: 31, pl. 20, f. 1-3]
Nymphalis (Aglais) rizana ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis ladakensis (Moore, 1878)
W.Himalayas - Tibet. See [About maps] Ladak Tortoiseshell
Vanessa ladakensis Moore, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 1: 227, TL: Tibet
Nymphalis (Aglais) ladakensis ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis milberti (Godart, 1819)
California - Canada - Virginia, Oklahoma. See [About maps] Milbert's Tortoiseshell Fire-rim Tortoiseshell
Vanessa milberti Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 307
Aglais milberti, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Aglais milberti, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Aglais milberti, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Nymphalis milberti, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
 Aglais melbirti ; Edwards, 1872, (missp.)
Nymphalis milberti ; [BOW: pl. 14. f. 12]
Aglais milberti ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23; [EBW]; [NACL, #4433]; [Opler]
[milberti-1u.jpg] 800x532 (~84Kb) upperside USA: Glacier Basin Path, Mt. Rainier, (46°57'12N 121°40'09W), Pierce Co., WA, 21.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela [milberti-2u.jpg] 600x516 (~42Kb) upperside USA: FR 9711, (47°18'23N 120°36'31W), Kittitas Co., WA, 7.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela [milberti-3u.jpg] 1600x1178 (~242Kb) upperside Canada: Savona, British Columbia, 14.9.2009 (D.L. Threatful coll.), Photo © Norbert Kondla
[milberti-3v.jpg] 1600x1183 (~268Kb) underside Canada: Savona, British Columbia, 14.9.2009 (D.L. Threatful coll.), Photo © Norbert Kondla

Larva on Urtica [NAB]


N. m. milberti
Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti milberti ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. m. furcillata (Say, 1825)
Vanessa furcillata Say, 1825
Vanessa milberti var. subpallida Cockerell, 1889; Ent.: 185, TL: Colorado
Aglais rothkei Gunder, 1927; , TL: Pennsylvania
Aglais milberti subpallida, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Aglais milberti subpallida, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Aglais milberti subpallida ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23
Aglais milberti furcillata ; [NACL, #4433a]
Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti furcillata ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. m. viola (dos Passos, 1938)
Newfoundland Aglais milberti viola dos Passos, 1938; Can. Ent. 70: (72-73), TL: Doyles Station, Newfoundland
Aglais milberti viola ; [NACL, #4433b]
Nymphalis (Aglais) milberti viola ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. m. pullum (Austin, 1998)
Arizona Aglais milberti pullum Austin, 1998; in Emmel, Systematics W. North Am. Butts.: 578, f. 21-24, TL: White Mountains, Arizona

Subgenus Euvanessa Scudder, 1889
Euvanessa Scudder, 1889; Butts eastern U.S. Canada (1) (3): 387, TS: Papilio antiopa Linnaeus
fiNymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)
EU, Temperate Eurasia, Chumbi Valley, Bhutan, NA, Mexico. See [About maps] Suruvaippa Camberwell Beauty Mourning Cloak Sorgmantel Trauermantel Le Morio Antiopa Rusałka żałobnik
Papilio antiopa Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 476, TL: Sweden, America
morio (Retzius, 1783)
?hippolita (Skinner, 1898)
Vanessa borealis Wnukowsky, 1927
Nymphalis antiopa antiopa, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Nymphalis antiopa antiopa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Nymphalis antiopa, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis antiopa, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Nymphalis antiopa, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Nymphalis antiopa, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Nymphalis antiopa, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Nymphalis antiopa, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Nymphalis antiopa, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Nymphalis antiopa, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
 Vanessa antiopa ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 215; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 682
Euvanessa antiopa ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23
Nymphalis antiopa ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 25]; [EBW]; [NACL, #4432]; [MRS, 571]; [BMAT: 104, pl. 32, f. 26 (not in N.Africa)]; [BRU2: 29, pl. 18, f. 4-6]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #2029]; [Otakar Kudrna]
[antiopa-1l.jpg] 640x430 (~34Kb) larva Southern Poland, Pieniny Mts., 20.7.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski [antiopa-2p.jpg] 624x951 (~62Kb) pupa Sukayu, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt [antiopa-2u.jpg] 951x624 (~135Kb) upperside Sukayu, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
[antiopa-3l.jpg] 797x400 (~63Kb) larva An edge of a riparian poplar wood in the valley of the Shivilig- Khem River just leaving the mountains, the southern foot of the East Tannu-Ola mounatin range, Tes-Khem District, Tuva Republic, Siberia, Russia. 17th July 1990, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [antiopa-4u.jpg] 1000x685 (~80Kb) upperside FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 6.9.1998, Photo © Markku Savela [antiopa-5u.jpg] 900x625 (~80Kb) upperside Finland, Järvenpää, 670:39, 16.8.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
[antiopa-6l.jpg] 597x400 (~65Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [antiopa-6u.jpg] 597x400 (~67Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [antiopa-7p.jpg] 600x812 (~73Kb) pupa FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, 671:53, 12.8.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
[antiopa-8u.jpg] 800x709 (~153Kb) upperside Russia, Kaluga area, 08.09.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov [antiopa-9l.jpg] 1200x811 (~221Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 12.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny [antiopa-9u.jpg] 1315x1070 (~185Kb) upperside USA: Alabama, 9.4.2000, Photo © Vitaly Charny
[antiopa-9v.jpg] 1000x905 (~156Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 20.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Salix, S. pentandra, S. starkeana, S. caprea, S. aurita, S. cinerea, S. phylicifolia, Betula sp., B. verrucosa, Alnus incana, Populus tremula [SPRK], Populus spp., Ulmus spp., Betula chinensis [MRS]


N. a. antiopa
Sweden, ... Papilio pompadour Pollich, 1781; , TL: Germany
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
var. hygiea (Heydenreich, 1846) (Vanessa); : 7 (nom. nud.)
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
ab. hygiaea (Heydenreich, 1851) (Vanessa); , TL: ?
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Vanessa lintnerii Fitch, 1856; , TL: New York
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Vanessa thomsonii Butler, 1887; , TL: "Belize?"
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
var. obscura (Cockerell, 1890) (Vanessa); , TL: New York
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
ab. hippolyta (Lyman, 1898) (Vanessa); , TL: Canada
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
var. grandis (Ehrmann, 1900) (Vanessa); Canad. Ent. 32: 348, TL: Pennsylvania
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Vanessa betulae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name)
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Vanessa bibla Fabricius, 1938; , TL: Pennsylvania
= ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Euvanessa antiopa hygiaea ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23
Nymphalis antiopa antiopa ; [NL4A, #2029a]
Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa antiopa ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. a. hyperborea (Seitz, 1914)
Vanessa antiopa hyperborea Seitz, 1914; , TL: Alaska
Nymphalis antiopa hyperborea ; [NACL, #4432a]
Nymphalis (Euvanessa) antiopa hyperborea ; [Joseph Belicek]
[hyperborea-1l.jpg] 1600x1200 (~373Kb) larva Canada: ex ova, June 2006 (2md. 3rd & 4th instars, on Ulmus americana), Photo © Joseph Belicek [hyperborea-1o.jpg] 1600x1200 (~225Kb) ova Canada: Edmonton, Alberta, 7.5.2006 (on Ulmus americana), Photo © Joseph Belicek

N. a. asopos (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
Japan asopos (Fruhstorfer, 1909) (Vanessa); Int. ent. Zs. 3 (17): 94
[asopos-1.jpg] 1600x1200 (~294Kb) Japan, Hokkaido, Mt. Kariba, 18. VIII. 1990, Photo © Joseph Belicek

Nymphalis cyanomelas (Doubleday, [1848])
Mexico - El Salvador. See [About maps] Vanessa cyanomelas Doubleday, [1848]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 201 (1849) (Lep.), (1): pl. 26 (1848), f. 5 , TL: Mexico
Nymphalis cyanomelas, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Nymphalis cyanomelas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Vanessa cyanomelas ; Godman & Salvin, [1882], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 215
Nymphalis cyanomelas ; [NL4A, #2031]
Nymphalis (Euvanessa) cyanomelas ; [Joseph Belicek]
[cyanomelas-1u.jpg] 1600x1127 (~330Kb) upperside Honduras: Photo Joseph Belicek © BMNH [cyanomelas-1v.jpg] 1600x1200 (~285Kb) underside Honduras: Photo Joseph Belicek © BMNH

Miller & Miller, 1990. The Entomologist 109(2): 106-115.

"... From the mountains of Mexico to El Salvador, the striking, steel-blue N. cyanomelas flies in cloud forest patches, which often are completely surrounded by drier upland areas in which typical antiopa may occur."


Subgenus Inachis Hübner, [1819]
Inachis Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 37, TS: Papilio io Linnaeus
Inachis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
fiNymphalis io (Linnaeus, 1758)
EU, Temperate Asia, Japan. See [About maps] Neitoperhonen Peacock Påfågelsöga Tagpfauenauge Paon de Jour Pavo Real Rusałka pawik
Papilio io Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 472
ioides (Ochsenheimer, 1807); Schmett. Europa 1 (1): 109
sardoa (Staudinger, 1871); , TL: Sardinia
exoculata (Weymer, 1878)
dyophtalmica (Garbini, 1883)
veronensis (Garbini, 1883)
belisaria (Oberthür, 1889)
fischeri (Standfuss, 1892)
calorefacta (Urech, 1897)
jocaste (Urech, 1897)
narses (Schultz, 1899)
pavo (Stichel, 1902)
cyanosticta (Raynor, 1903)
fulva (Oudemans, 1905)
Inachis io, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Inachis io, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Inachis io, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Inachis io, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Nymphalis io, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Inachis io, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Inachis io, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Inachis io, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
 Inachis io ; [BOW: pl. 2, f. 17]; [EBW]; [MRS, 576]; [BMAT: 104, pl. 32, 27 (Algiers, 1961)]; [BRU2: 26, pl. 20, f. 7-9]
Nymphalis io ; [Otakar Kudrna]
[io-1u.jpg] 500x383 (~55Kb) upperside Plymbridge woods, Devon, UK 15/08/92, Photo © Simon Coombes [io-2u.jpg] 500x438 (~26Kb) upperside Finland, Kangasala, Murto, 6818:340, 25.8.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen [io-3u.jpg] 533x400 (~49Kb) upperside A valley meadow at the Shadrikha Rivulet at the village Mel'nichikha, Novosibirsk District and Province, West Siberia, Russia. 24th May 1992, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
[io-4u.jpg] 512x768 (~64Kb) upperside Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Ötisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 15.10.1995, Photo © Karl Hofsäß [io-5l.jpg] 600x673 (~52Kb) larva Finland, Askola, ex.l. 17.7.1977, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen [io-5p.jpg] 520x785 (~45Kb) pupa Finland, Askola, ex.l. 17.7.1977, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
[io-5u.jpg] 900x1074 (~131Kb) upperside Finland, Helsinki 3.8.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen [io-6l.jpg] 596x400 (~75Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [io-6p.jpg] 400x598 (~40Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
[io-6u.jpg] 592x400 (~75Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [io-7.jpg] 600x800 (~72Kb) Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 8.8.2003, Photo © Leif Wahlberg [io-8l.jpg] 800x600 (~95Kb) larva Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 13.7.2004, Photo © Leif Wahlberg
[io-9l.jpg] 800x467 (~91Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area, 1.7.2005 (young), Photo © D. Smirnov [io-a1.jpg] 960x768 (~158Kb) Russia, Moscow area, 3.8.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov [io-a2v.jpg] 568x642 (~96Kb) Russia, Moscow area, 09.08.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov
[io.jpg] 900x628 (~63Kb) FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 13.9.1998, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Urtica dioeca [SPRK], Humulus lupulus, Urtica angustifolia, Urticaceae [MRS]


N. i. io
Nymphalis (Inachis) io io ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. i. caucasica (Jachontov, 1912)
Azerbaijan Nymphalis (Inachis) io caucasica ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. i. geisha (Stichel, 1908)
Japan, Far East Nymphalis (Inachis) io geisha ; [Joseph Belicek]

Subgenus Roddia Korshunov, 1995
fiNymphalis l-album (Esper, 1781)
EEU, Temperate Asia, China, Japan. See [About maps] Valkotäplänokkosperhonen False Comma Compton Tortoiseshell Vitfläckad Fuks Poppelfuks Weißes L Rusałka laik
Papilio l-album Esper, 1781; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (2): pl. 62, f. 3a, 3b, TL: "Ungarn & Oesterreich"
Papilio vau album [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 176 (nom. nud.), TL: Vienna
Vanessa l-album ab. chelone Schultz, 1902; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 324, TL: Oesterreich
Polygonia l-album ab. koentzeyi Diószeghy, 1913; Rovartani Lapok 20: 193, TL: [W.Romania, Arad] Ineu
Polygonia l-album f. mureisana Matsumura, 1939; Bull. biogeogr. Soc. Japan 9 (20): 356, TL: Mt. Murei
Polygonia l-album, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis vaualbum, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Nymphalis vaualbum, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Nymphalis vaualbum, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Nymphalis vau-album, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
 Nymphalis vau-album ; [H&R, 85]; [EBW]; [NACL, #4430]; [MRS, 573]
Polygonia l-album ; [BOW: pl. 197, f. 6]
Nymphalis l-album ; Kudrna & Belicek, 2005, Oedippus 23: 28; [Otakar Kudrna]
Nymphalis vaualbum ; [BRU2: 28, pl. 17, f. 1-7]
Roddia vaualbum ; [Opler]
Roddia l-album ; [Joseph Belicek]
[l-album-1fu.jpg] 2272x1704 (~249Kb) upperside female Russia, Ekaterinburg suburb, Shabrovskiy village, 2-7 August 2002, Photo 2006 © Norbert Kondla [l-album-1fv.jpg] 2272x1704 (~288Kb) underside female Russia, Ekaterinburg suburb, Shabrovskiy village, 2-7 August 2002, Photo 2006 © Norbert Kondla

Larva on Hippophae, Populus, Salix, Ulmus [SPRK]


N. l. l-album
Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album l-album ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. l. samurai (Fruhstorfer, 1907)
Japan, Sakhalin l-album samurai (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Vanessa); Soc. Ent. 22 (8): 60
Nymphalis vau-album samurai ;
Nymphalis vaualbum samurai ; [BRU2, 28]
Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album samurai ; [Joseph Belicek]
[samurai-1mu.jpg] 1600x1200 (~349Kb) upperside male Mt. Asahi, nr. Kawara Hut, Yamanochi-cho, Nagano Pref., Japan, 22.VII.2002, Photo © Joseph Belicek [samurai-1mv.jpg] 1600x1200 (~259Kb) underside male Mt. Asahi, nr. Kawara Hut, Yamanochi-cho, Nagano Pref., Japan, 22.VII.2002, Photo © Joseph Belicek

N. l. arbustus Churkin & Zhdanko, 2002
Kirghizstan Nymphalis (Roddia) l-album arbustus ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis j-album (Boisduval & Leconte, 1833)
Alaska - British Columbia, Canada - Michigan. See [About maps] j-album (Boisduval & Leconte, 1833); Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (11-22): 185 (1835)
pocahontas (Scudder, 1889)
aureomarginata (Cockerell, 1889)
Aglais l-album watsoni Hall, 1924

?auriomarginata ; (spell.)
Nymphalis vau-album watsoni ; [NACL, #4430b]
Eugonia j-album ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 23
 Polygonia j-album ; [BOW: pl. 14, f. 24]
Nymphalis l-album j-album ; [Jonathan Pelham]
Nymphalis vau-album j-album ; [NACL, #4430a]
Nymphalis (Roddia) j-album ; [Joseph Belicek]
[j-album-1mu.jpg] 1600x1200 (~328Kb) upperside male Canada, Manitoba, Fisher Branch, 22.7.1955, Photo © Joseph Belicek [j-album-2mv.jpg] 1600x1200 (~285Kb) underside male Canada, British Columbia, Blue River, 2003, Photo © Joseph Belicek [j-album-3v.jpg] 800x599 (~139Kb) underside USA, Alaska, mile 17.5 Chena Hot Springs Road east of Fairbanks, 25. I. 2005 (hibernating in a shed), Photo © Kenelm W. Philip
[j-album-4fu.jpg] 800x600 (~73Kb) upperside female Alaska, Mosquito Lake Store, off mile 27 Haines Highway, 23 Sept. 1984, Pam Moore, leg., Photo © Kenelm W. Philip [j-album-4fv.jpg] 800x600 (~78Kb) underside female Alaska, Mosquito Lake Store, off mile 27 Haines Highway, 23 Sept. 1984, Pam Moore, leg., Photo © Kenelm W. Philip [j-album-5u.jpg] 800x600 (~93Kb) upperside Alaska, nr. Fairbanks, summer 2004, Photo © Kenelm W. Philip
[j-album-5v.jpg] 800x600 (~71Kb) underside mile 2.6 on the Forest access road near Fairbanks, Alaska feeding on aphid exudate, 20 July, 2005, Photo © Kenelm W. Philip [j-album-6fv.jpg] 1631x1591 (~540Kb) underside female Canada, British Columbia, 3km W of Nelway, 21.7.2006, Photo © Norbert Kondla [j-album-6mv.jpg] 1410x1457 (~428Kb) underside male Canada, British Columbia, Pend-d'Oreile valley, Tillicum Creek, 21.7.2006, Photo © Norbert Kondla
[j-album-7o.jpg] 1600x1062 (~184Kb) ova USA: Sinhalekin Wildlife Area, Okanogan Co., Washington, 16.4.2007 (eggs 0.9mm on Betula papyrifera), Photo © Dave Nunnallee [j-album-8mu.jpg] 1600x1074 (~388Kb) upperside male USA: Slate Creek Road, Metaline Falls, Pend Oreille Co., Washington, 13.8.2007, Photo © Dave Nunnallee

Larva on Betula papyrifera [Dave Nunnallee], Ulmus americana?


Subgenus Polygonia Hübner, [1819]
Polygonia Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (3): 36, TS: Papilio c-aureum Linnaeus
Polygonia, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis c-aureum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Amur, NE.China, Korea, Japan. See [About maps] Asian Comma
Papilio c-aureum Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 477
?c-aureum Linnaeus, 1767
f. pryeri Janson, 1877
c-aureum coreana (Bryk, 1946)
Polygonia c-aureum, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
 Polygonia c-aureum ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 197, f. 3]; [MRS, 574]; [BRU2: 27, pl. 16, f. 1-6]
[c-aureum-1u.jpg] 656x481 (~31Kb) upperside Japan, 2002, Photo © Kazuhide Yoshida [c-aureum-2u.jpg] 655x918 (~115Kb) upperside A small pond in the forest, Seonheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun, Jeju-do Island, S Korea. 31st of July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin [c-aureum-2v.jpg] 762x626 (~81Kb) underside A small pond in the forest, Seonheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun, Jeju-do Island, S Korea. 31st of July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
[c-aureum-3u.jpg] 780x1011 (~94Kb) upperside Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 23.8.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant

Larva on Humulopsis scandens, H. cordifolius, Cannabis sativa [BRU2, 27]


N. c. c-aureum
Papilio angelica Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): 204, pl. 388, f. G, H
Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum c-aureum ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. lunulata (Esaki & Nakahara, 1924)
Taiwan Polygonia c-aureum lunulata Esaki & Nakahara, 1924
Polygonia c-aureum lunulata ; [MRS, 574]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-aureum lunulata ; [Joseph Belicek]
[lunulata-1u.jpg] 640x462 (~32Kb) upperside Taiwan, Photo © Felix Lin [lunulata-2v.jpg] 640x476 (~37Kb) underside Taiwan, Photo © Felix Lin

Larva on Humulus scandens, Cannabis sativa, Linum usitatissimum, Citrus spp., Pyrus spp. [MRS]


Nymphalis egea (Cramer, [1775])
SEU, Syria, AM, Iran, Baluchistan - Bhutan. See [About maps] Southern Comma Eastern Comma Gelber C-Falter
Papilio egea Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 124, pl. 78, f. C, D
vau-album (Esper, [1780])
vau-album (Borkhausen, 1788)
I-album (Esper, [1789])
L-album (Hübner, 1791)
triangulum (Fabricius, 1793)
f-album (Fabricius, 1793)
J-album (Esper, 1793)
f. autumnalis Stefanelli, 1873
f. pallida Evans, 1932; (preocc.)
Polygonia egea, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Polygonia egea, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Polygonia egea, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
 Polygonia egea ; [BOW: pl. 3, f. 16]; [EBW]; [BMAT: 104, pl. 32, f. 29-30 (not in N.Africa)]; [BRU2: 27, pl. 16, f. 7-18]
Nymphalis egea ; [Otakar Kudrna]
[egea-1u.jpg] 1266x844 (~251Kb) upperside Monte Negro, Cetinje, Rijeka Crnojevica, 11.8.2005, Photo © Slavko Polak [egea-1v.jpg] 912x912 (~136Kb) underside Monte Negro, Cetinje, Rijeka Crnojevica, 11.8.2005, Photo © Slavko Polak

Larva on Parietaria, less Urtica [H&R], Parietaria officinalis [BIR], Parietaria, Urtica, Parietaria diffusa [BRU2, 27]


N. e. egea
Transcaucasia, Kopet-Dagh Polygonia egea egea
balucha (Evans, 1932)
Polygonia egea egea ; [BRU2, 27]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea egea ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. e. undina (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)
Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, Tian-Shan Vanessa egea undina Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
Polygonia egea undina ; [BRU2, 27]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) egea undina ; [Joseph Belicek]
Nymphalis gigantea (Leech, 1890)
Tibet - C.China. See [About maps] Grapta gigantea Leech, 1890; Entomologist 23: 189
Grapta erebina Oberthür, 1911
Polygonia gigantea, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
 Polygonia gigantea ; [BOW: pl. 197, f. 4]; [MRS, 575]
Polygonia giganteum ; [Wahlberg]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) gigantea ; [Joseph Belicek]
[gigantea-1mu.jpg] 1600x1179 (~330Kb) upperside male Western China, in the collection of NHMW - Wien (61mm), Photo 2004 © Joseph Belicek [gigantea-1mv.jpg] 1600x1200 (~323Kb) underside male Western China, in the collection of NHMW - Wien (61mm), Photo 2004 © Joseph Belicek

fiNymphalis c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)
EU, NAF, AM, AN, AC, China, Japan. See [About maps] Herukkaperhonen Comma Vinbärsfuks Weißes C Robert le Diable C-blanca Rusałka ceik
Papilio c-album Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 477
f-album (Esper, [1783])
g-album (Fourcroy, 1785)
Polygonia marsyas Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 16 (based on mislabeled specimens)
f. hatchinsonii (Robson, 1881)
f. lunigera (Butler, 1881)
variegata (Tutt, 1896)
pictior (Verity, 1919)
c-album chingana (Kleinschmidt, 1929)
nakaharai (Nomura, 1938)
sagitta (Frohawk, 1938)
suffusa (Frohawk, 1938)
Polygonia c-album f. manchurica Matsumura, 1939; Bull. biogeogr. Soc. Japan 9 (20): 355, TL: Mt. Murei
castanea (Verity, 1950)
Polygonia c-album, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Polygonia c-album, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Polygonia c-album, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Polygonia c-album, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Polygonia c-album, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Polygonia c-album, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
 Polygonia c-album ; [BOW: pl. 3, f. 15]; [EBW]; [MRS, 574]; [BRU2: 26, pl. 15, f. 1-6, 13-18]
Nymphalis c-album ; [Otakar Kudrna]
[c-album-1u.jpg] 500x357 (~25Kb) upperside Plymbridge woods, Devon, UK 20/08/96, Photo © Simon Coombes [c-album-1v.jpg] 389x500 (~72Kb) underside Plymbridge woods, Devon, UK 20/08/96, Photo © Simon Coombes [c-album-2u.jpg] 500x383 (~37Kb) upperside FINLAND: Ta: Renko, 675:35, 1.5.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
[c-album-3.jpg] 700x542 (~51Kb) Finland, Kangasala, Ruutana, 682:34, 8/1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen [c-album-4.jpg] 742x478 (~47Kb) The Bol'shoy Tesh River right bank in its low reaches, 2 km upstream of its junction with the Kondoma River. 17th September 1994 (butterflies greedily suck a rotten Gastromyces fungus (?Lycoperdales gen. sp.)), Photo © Oleg Kosterin [c-album-4u.jpg] 1000x717 (~97Kb) upperside Finland, Järvenpää 670:39, 16.8.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
[c-album-5l.jpg] 596x400 (~68Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [c-album-5p.jpg] 400x603 (~45Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch [c-album-5v.jpg] 400x596 (~53Kb) underside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
[c-album-6u.jpg] 800x600 (~81Kb) upperside Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 27.7.2002, Photo © Leif Wahlberg [c-album-7u.jpg] 805x604 (~87Kb) upperside Sweden, Ekebo, Julita, 27.7.2002, Photo © Leif Wahlberg [c-album-8u.jpg] 800x621 (~144Kb) upperside Russia, Udmurtia, river banks of Kama, near village Doksha east of Izhevsk, 20.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
[c-album-9v.jpg] 698x600 (~103Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 31.7.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov [c-album-a1u.jpg] 960x768 (~168Kb) Russia, Kaluga area, 08.09.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Ribes, R. alpinum, R. nigrum, R. rubrum, Rubus idaeus, Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Salix caprea, S. aurita, S. cinerea, S. phylicifolia, Ulmus laevis, U. glabra, Humulus lupulus, Urtica dioeca [SPRK], Urtica spp., Humulus spp., Ulmus spp., Honicera spp., Salix spp. [MRS]


N. c. c-album
Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album c-album ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. imperfecta (Blachier, 1908)
N.Africa Polygonia c-album imperfecta Blachier, 1908
Polygonia c-album ab. imperfecta Blachier, 1908; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 77: 214, TL: Tangier (Morocco)
Grapta c-album f. hutchinsoni Robson, 1889; : 110, TL: England
[imperfecta-1u.jpg] 600x435 (~53Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Ifar, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier [imperfecta-2v.jpg] 600x435 (~33Kb) underside Morocco, Tizi-n-Ifar, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Ribes grossularia, R. uva-crispa [BMAT]


N. c. extensa (Leech, [1892])
W.China, C.China Grapta c-album var. extensa Leech, [1892]; Butts China Japan Corea (1): 265 (1892-1894), pl. 25, f. 5
Polygonia c-album extensa ; [MRS, 574]
N. c. kultukensis Kleinschmidt, 1929
Transbaikalia Polygonia c-album kultukensis ; [BRU2, 26]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album kultukensis ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. hamigera (Butler, 1877)
Ussuri fentoni (Butler, 1878)
Polygonia c-album hamigera ; [BRU2, 26]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) c-album hamigera ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. c. koreana Bryk, 1946
Korea? Polygonia c-album koreana ; [BRU2, 26]
N. c. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1915
Sakhalin Polygonia c-album sachalinensis ; [BRU2, 26]
N. c. asakurai (Nakahara, 1920)
Polygonia c-album asakurai Nakahara, 1920
Polygonia c-album asakurai ; [MRS, 574]
[asakurai-1v.jpg] 484x640 (~36Kb) underside Taiwan, Photo © Felix Lin

Larva on Celtis sinensis, Ulmus parvifolia, U. uyematsui, Zelkove serrata [MRS]


N. c. agnicula (Moore, 1872)
Nepal Polygonia c-album agnicula Moore, 1872
Polygonia c-album agnicula ; Huang, 2001
Nymphalis faunus (Edwards, 1862)
British Columbia - California, Canada, Iowa, Applachians, NA.Georgia, Labrador. See [About maps] Faunus Anglewing
faunus (Edwards, 1862); Proc. Philad. Acad. Sci., 1: 222
Polygonia virescens Scudder, 1875
Polygonia faunus faunus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Polygonia faunus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Polygonia faunus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
P. faunus, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
 Polygonia faunus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 22; [NACL, #4423]; [BOW: pl. 14, f. 22, pl. 15, f. 2]; [Opler]
[faunus-1mu.jpg] 602x390 (~21Kb) upperside male Edmonton, Canada, (on Ribes), Photo © Robin Leech [faunus-2mv.jpg] 384x256 (~14Kb) underside male Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 2000, Photo © Joseph Belicek [faunus-3v.jpg] 1300x1436 (~251Kb) underside Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla

Larva on Betula, Alnus, Salix, Ribes, Rhododendron? [NAB]


N. f. faunus
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus faunus ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. f. smythi (Clark, 1937)
NA.Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia Polygonia faunus smythi Clark, 1937; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 84 (3013): (219-222)
Polygonia faunus smythi ; [NACL, #4423a]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus smythi ; [Joseph Belicek]
[smythi-1mu.jpg] 1600x1200 (~225Kb) upperside male USA: North Carolina, Franklin Macon Co., Coweta Laboratory, July 10 1972, R. Maudslay coll., Photo © Joseph Belicek [smythi-1mv.jpg] 1600x1200 (~274Kb) underside male USA: North Carolina, Franklin Macon Co., Coweta Laboratory, July 10 1972, R. Maudslay coll., Photo © Joseph Belicek

N. f. rustica (Edwards, 1874)
California Grapta rusticus Edwards, 1874; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5: 107
Grapta silvius Edwards, 1874; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5: 108 (f)
Polygonia faunus rusticus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Polygonia faunus rustica ; [NACL, #4423b]
Polygonia faunus rusticus ;
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus rusticus ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. f. hylas (Edwards, 1872)
Colorado, Rocky Mountains, ? Colorado Anglewing
Grapta hylas Edwards, 1872; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 4: 68
orpheus (Cross, 1926) (Polygonia); (f)
Polygonia faunus hylas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
 Polygonia hylas ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 22; [NACL, #4424]
Polygonia faunus hylas ; Scott, 1988, J. Lep. Soc. 42 (1): 46-56
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus hylas ; [Joseph Belicek]

Larva on Salix, Ribes inerme Scott, 1988, J. Lep. Soc. 42 (1): 48

N. f. arctica (Leussler, 1935)
-, ? Polygonia hylas arcticus ; dos Passos, 1977, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 53: 179-180
Polygonia faunus arcticus ;
Polygonia faunus arctica ; [NACL, #4423c]
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus arctica ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. f. fulvescens (Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998)
California Polygonia faunus fulvescens Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998; in Emmel, Systematics W. North Am. Butts.: (139-140), TL: Pescadero Creek, 400m, nr. Portola State Park, San Mateo Co., California. USA
Nymphalis (Polygonia) faunus fulvescens ; [Joseph Belicek]
N. f. cenveray (Scott & Kondla, 2006)
Polygonia faunus cenveray Scott & Kondla, 2006; in Scott et al., Papilio (N.S.) 12: 40
Nymphalis interrogationis (Fabricius, 1798)
Mexico, USA, New York, West Virginia, Quebec. See [About maps] Question Mark
Papilio interrogationis Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 424, TL: N.Amer.
Grapta umbrosa Lintner, 1869; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 2: 313, TL: New York
= ; [NL4A, #2035]
Grapta fabrici Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 5, TL: West Virginia
= ; [NL4A, #2035]
Grapta crameri Scudder, 1870; , TL: USA
= ; [NL4A, #2035]
Cynthia tiliae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name), TL: N. Amer.
= ; [NL4A, #2035]
Polygonia interrogationis, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Polygonia interrogationis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Polygonia interrogationis, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Polygonia interrogationis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Polygonia interrogationis, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [