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Tithorea Doubleday, [1847]

Tithorea Doubleday, [1847]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 99[?], pl. 14, f. 1-2, TS: Heliconia megara Godart
Hirsutis Haensch, [1909]; in Seitz, Grosschmett. Erde 5: 119, TS: Papilio harmonia Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 172]

Tithorea, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Tithorea ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 9
Tithorea (Tithoreini) ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 2; Brevignon, 2003, Lambillionea 103 (1): 41; [NL4A, 172]
Tithorea (Tithoreina) ; [Walhberg]

Tithorea harmonia (Cramer, [1777])

-. See [About maps] Papilio harmonia Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 142, pl. 190, f. D, TL: Surinam
Tithorea harmonia, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Tithorea harmonia ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 2, pl.2, f. 1-2; [EBW]; [NL4A, #20]

553x455 (~42Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

T. h. harmonia

Surinam, Venezuela, French Guiana f. moppa Bryk, 1937; , TL: "East Indies"

= ; [NL4A, #20a]

Tithorea harmonia deltana Fox, 1956; (hyb.), TL: Orinoco delta, Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #20a]

Tithorea harmonia moppa ; Brevignon, 2003, Lambillionea 103 (1): 41, f. 15
Tithorea harmonia harmonia ; [NL4A, #20a]

T. h. irene (Drury, 1782)

Panama Papilio irene Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: pl. 38, f. 1, TL: ["Jamaica"]
Tithorea umbratilis Bates, 1866; Ent. mon. Mag. 3 (28): 86, TL: Panama

= Tithorea irene ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 10
= ; [NL4A, #20o]

Tithorea irene ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 10, 3: pl. 2, f. 10; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 6 (text only)]
Tithorea harmonia irene ; [NL4A, #20o]

T. h. megara (Godart, 1819)

Trinidad Heliconia megara Godart, [1819]; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 223, TL: "Antilles"
Tithorea flavescens Kirby, 1889; , TL: Trinidad

= ; [NL4A, #20s]

Tithorea harmonia megara ; [NL4A, #20s]

T. h. cuparina Bates, 1862

Brazil(Pará) harmonia cuparina Bates, 1862; , TL: Brazil, Pará, Rio Cupari
Tithorea harmonia cuparina ; [NL4A, #20d]

T. h. egaensis Butler, 1873

Brazil(Amazonas) harmonia egaensis Butler, 1873; , TL: Brazil, Amazonas, Middle Rio Maranon and Rio Huallaga
Tithorea harmonia egaensis ; [NL4A, #20f]

T. h. pseudethra Butler, 1873

Brazil harmonia pseudethra Butler, 1873; , TL: Brazil
Tithorea harmonia pseudethra ; [NL4A, #20v]; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 95

T. h. neitha Hopffer, 1874

Peru harmonia neitha Hopffer, 1874; , TL: Peru
Tithorea harmonia neitha ; [NL4A, #20u]

T. h. helicaon Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Nicaragua - Panama, Costa Rica Tithorea helicaon Godman & Salvin, [1879]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 10, TL: Costa Rica
Tithorea helicaon ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 640
Tithorea harmonia helicaon ; [NL4A, #20k]; [BCR, 218]

Larva on Prestonia [BCR]

T. h. hippothous Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Guatemala Tithorea hippothous Godman & Salvin, [1879]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 11, TL: Guatemala
Tithorea harmonia hippothous, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Tithorea harmonia hippothous, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tithorea hippothous ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 640
Tithorea harmonia hippothous ; [NL4A, #20n]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Tithorea irene; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 3: pl. 2, f. 9

T. h. salvadoris Staudinger, 1885

El Salvador Tithorea furea var. salvadoris Staudinger, 1885; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotische Schmetterlinge 1 (9): 73, TL: El Salvador
Tithorea salvadoris ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 641
Tithorea harmonia salvadoris ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 2, f. 1; [NL4A, #20x]

T. h. furia Staudinger, [1884]

Ecuador - Venezuela harmonia furia Staudinger, [1884]; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotische Schmetterlinge 1 (9): 73 (1885), (6): pl. 30 (1884), TL: Venezuela
tyro Doubleday, 1847; (nom. nud.), TL: Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #20h]

Tithorea furia ; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 4 (text only)]
Tithorea harmonia furia ; [NL4A, #20h]

T. h. pseudonyma Staudinger, 1894

Bolivia harmonia pseudonyma Staudinger, 1894; , TL: Bolivia
Hirsutis pseudonyma mira Neustetter, 1929; , TL: Bolivia

= ; [NL4A, #20w]

Tithorea harmonia pseudonyma ; [NL4A, #20w]

T. h. flacilla Godman & Salvin, 1898

Colombia harmonia flacilla Godman & Salvin, 1898; , TL: Colombia
Tithorea harmonia flacilla ; [NL4A, #20g]

T. h. furina Godman & Salvin, 1898

Colombia harmonia furina Godman & Salvin, 1898; , TL: Colombia
Tithorea harmonia furina ; [NL4A, #20i]

T. h. hermias Godman & Salvin, 1898

Ecuador, Amazon harmonia hermias Godman & Salvin, 1898; , TL: Sarayacu, Cururai, Gualaquiza
Tithorea hermias ; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 4]
Tithorea harmonia hermias ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #20l]

T. h. hermina Haensch, 1903

Ecuador harmonia hermina Haensch, 1903; , TL: Ecuador, Napo
Tithorea hermias hermina ab. napona Haensch, 1903; , TL: Ecuador

= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #20m]

Tithorea harmonia hermina ; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. cover, f. 1; [NL4A, #20m]

T. h. brunnea Haensch, 1905

Peru harmonia brunnea Haensch, 1905; , TL: Peru
assimilis Haensch, 1905; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #20b]

Tithorea harmonia brunnea ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 2, f. 2; [NL4A, #20b]

T. h. melanina Haensch, 1905

Peru harmonia melanina Haensch, 1905; , TL: Peru
Tithorea harmonia melanina ; [NL4A, #20t]

T. h. lateflava (Haensch, 1909)

Bolivia harmonia lateflava (Haensch, 1909) (Hirsutis); , TL: Bolivia
Tithorea harmonia lateflava ; [NL4A, #20p]

T. h. caissara (Zikán, 1941)

Brazil(Espírito Santo) harmonia caissara (Zikán, 1941) (Hirsutis); , TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo, Sierra de Contareira
Tithorea harmonia caissara ; [NL4A, #20c]

T. h. sulphurata (Zikán, 1941)

Brazil(Amazonas) harmonia sulphurata (Zikán, 1941) (Hirsutis); , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Tithorea harmonia sulphurata ; [NL4A, #20y]

T. h. martina Fox, 1956

Peru harmonia martina Fox, 1956; , TL: Peru
Tithorea harmonia martina ; [NL4A, #20r]

T. h. manabiana Fox, 1956

Ecuador harmonia manabiana Fox, 1956; , TL: Ecuador, Palmar, Manabi
Tithorea harmonia manabiana ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #20q]

T. h. dorada Brown, 1977

Venezuela harmonia dorada Brown, 1977; , TL: Venezuela
Tithorea harmonia dorada ; [NL4A, #20e]

T. h. gilberti Brown, 1977

Peru harmonia gilberti Brown, 1977; , TL: Peru
Tithorea harmonia gilberti ; [NL4A, #20j]

T. h. ssp.

Colombia Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #20z]

T. h. ssp.

Venezuela Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Brown, MS, [NL4A, #20aa]

T. h. ssp.

Brazil(Pernambuco) Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Brown, MS, [NL4A, #20ab]

T. h. ssp.

Brazil(Pará) Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Brown, MS, [NL4A, #20ac]

T. h. ssp.

Brazil(Pará) Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Brown, MS, [NL4A, #20ad]

T. h. ssp.

Guyana Tithorea harmonia ssp. ; Brown, MS, [NL4A, #20ae]

Tithorea pacifica Willmott & Lamas, 2004

-. See [About maps] Tithorea pacifica Willmott & Lamas, 2004; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 112 (1): 2, f. 1A-B, 3, 4A, 5A-C, G-H, P-R, 6A-E, 7, TL: Ecuador, Esmeraldas, km 12.5 Lita - San Lorenzo road, Rio Chuchuvi, 0°53.1'N, 78°30.9'W, 850m
?Tithorea sp. ; Willmott & Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #22]

T. p. pacifica

W.Ecuador

T. p. euphonia Willmott & Lamas, 2004

Colombia Tithorea pacifica euphonia Willmott & Lamas, 2004; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 112 (1): 11, f. 1C, 3, 5D, I-J, 7, TL: Colombia, Valle de Cauca, Rio Dagua [ca. 3°36'N, 76°39'W]
?Tithorea sp. ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #22c]

T. p. concordia Willmott & Lamas, 2004

Panama Tithorea pacifica concordia Willmott & Lamas, 2004; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 112 (1): 14, f. 1D, 3, 7, TL: Panama, Darien, Cana, Cerro Pierre, 7°56'N, 77°43'W, 1200m
?Tithorea sp. ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #22b]

Tithorea tarricina Hewitson, [1858]

-. See [About maps] Tithorea tarricina Hewitson, [1858]; , TL: Colombia
Tithorea tarricina ; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 6]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 2, pl. 2, f. 3-4; [EBW]; [NL4A, #21]
Tithorea tarracina ; (missp.)

T. t. tarricina

Colombia Tithorea tarricina tarricina ; [NL4A, #21a]

T. t. duenna Bates, 1864

Mexico - Guatemala Tithorea duenna Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (3): 56, TL: Guatemala
Tithorea tarricina duenna, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Tithorea tarricina duenna, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tithorea duenna ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 9, 3: pl. 2, f. 7; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 640
Tithorea tarricina duenna ; [NL4A, #21c]

T. t. hecalesina C. & R. Felder, 1865

Colombia tarricina hecalesina C. & R. Felder, 1865; , TL: Colombia
Hirsutis tarricina ab. obscurata Haensch, 1909; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #21e]

Tithorea tarricina hecalesina ; [NL4A, #21e]

T. t. tagarma Hewitson, 1874

Bolivia, Peru tarricina tagarma Hewitson, 1874; , TL: Bolivia
Tithorea anachoreta Thieme, 1903; Berl. ent. Z. 47 (3/4): 282, TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #21h]

Tithorea tarricina tagarma ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 2, f. 4; [NL4A, #21h]

T. t. pinthias Godman & Salvin, 1878

Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua Tithorea pinthias Godman & Salvin, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9): 259, TL: Panama,Costa Rica,Nicaragua
Tithorea monosticta Godman & Salvin, 1897; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897: 243, TL: Panama, Chiriqui

= ; [NL4A, #21g]

Tithorea monosticta ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 640
Tithorea pinthias ; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 5]
Tithorea tarricina pinthias ; [BCR, 218]; [NL4A, #21g]

Larva on Prestonia portabellensis [BCR]

T. t. parola Godman & Salvin, 1898

Colombia tarricina parola Godman & Salvin, 1898; , TL: Colombia
Tithorea tarricina parola ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 2, f. 3; [NL4A, #21f]

T. t. bonita Haensch, 1903

Ecuador, Peru Tithorea tarricina bonita Haensch, 1903; , TL: Santa Inéz
Hirsutis pinthias f. macasica Niepelt, 1915; , TL: Ecuador

= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #21b]

Tithorea pinthias melini Bryk, 1953; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #21b]

Tithorea tarricina bonita ; [NL4A, #21b]
Tithorea tarracina bonita ; [EcuL]

T. t. franciscoi Brown, 1977

Venezuela tarricina franciscoi Brown, 1977; , TL: Venezuela
Tithorea tarricina franciscoi ; [NL4A, #21d]

T. t. lecromi Vitale & Rodriguez, 2004

Colombia Tithorea tarricina lecromi Vitale & Rodriguez, 2004; Lambillionea 104 (1): 87, TL: Colombia

22.2.2008 (3)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BCR]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[EcuL]

Tommaso & Luigi Racheli, 2001; An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae); Fragmenta entomologica 33 (2): 213-380

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

Some related literature:

Bates, 1864

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864), (2): 31-35 (1864), (3): 55-59 (1864), (4): 81-85 (1864), (5): 113-116 (1864), (6): 126-131 (1864), (7): 161-164 (1864), (8): 178-180 (1865), (9): 202-205 (1865)

Bates, 1866

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 3 (27): 49-52 (1866), (28): 85-88 (1866), (30): 133-136 (1866), (31): 152-157 (1866)

Brevignon, 2003

Inventaire des Ithomiinae de Guyane Française (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Lambillionea 103 (1): 41-58

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 77-106

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Doubleday, [1847]

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): xii + 1-250, pls. 1-30

Drury, 1782

Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: 76pp, 50pls

Godman & Salvin, 1878

Description of new species of Rhopalocera from Central and South America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (9): 257-266

Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, 1897

Descriptions of new species of Central and South American Rhopalocera Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897: 241-248

Haensch, [1909]

3. Famille Danainae in Seitz, Grosschmett. Erde 5: -,113-160 (1909), 161-171 (1910), pls 31-40 (1909), pl. 41 (1908)

Lamas, 1999

Nymphalidae II. Ithomiinae Butterflies of the world, 3: 17pp, 16pls

Staudinger, [1884]; Staudinger, 1885

Exotische Tagfalter in sysmatischer Reihenfolge mit Berücksichtigung neuer Arten in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotische Schmetterlinge 1 (1): 3-6, pl. 1-5 (1884), (2): 7-10, pl. 6-10 (1884), (3): 11-14, pl. 11-15 (1884), (4): 15-22, pl. 16-20 (1884), (5): 23-30, pl. 21-25 (1884), (6): 31-38, pl. 26-30 (1884), (7): 39-46, pl. 31-35 (1885), (8): 47-58, pl. 30-40 (1885), (9): 59-82, pl. 41-50 (1885), (10): 83-102, pl. 51-60 (1885), (11): 103-122, pl. 61-65 (1886), (12): 123-138, pl. 66-70 (1886), (13): 139-158, pl. 71-75 (1886), (14): 159-174, pl. 76-80 (1886), (15): 175-194, pl. 81-85 (1887), (16): 195-214, pl. 86-90 (1887), (17): 215-234, pl. 91-95 (1887), (18): 235-270, pl. 96-98 (1888), (19): 1-2,271-333, pl. 99-100 (1888)

Thieme, 1903

Eine neue Tithorea von Chanchamayo Berl. ent. Z. 47 (3/4): 282

Vitale & Rodriguez, 2004

Nuevos Ithomiinae de Colombia y Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Lambillionea 104 (1): 86-91, 1pl

Willmott & Lamas, 2004

A new species of Tithorea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) from the Chocó region of northwestern South America and Panama J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 112 (1): 1-17

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.