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Episcada Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Episcada Godman & Salvin, [1879]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 40, TS: Ithomia salvinia Bates
Prittwitzia Brown & Ebert, 1970

= ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6; [NL4A, 186]

Ceratiscada Brown & Ferreira d'Almeida, 1970

= ; [Wahlberg]; [NL4A, 186]

Episcada, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Ceratiscada (Dircennini) ; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 5
Episcada (Dircennini) ; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6; Brevignon, 2003, Lambillionea 103 (1): 51; [NL4A, 186]
Epsiscada (Dircennina) ; [Wahlberg]

Episcada apuleia (Hewitson, 1868)

-. See [About maps] Ithomia apuleia Hewitson, 1868; (Ith.) pl. 26, f. 163, TL: Ecuador
Pteronymia apuleia; [BOW: pl. 47, f. 38]
Episcada apuleia, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Episcada apuleia ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 41; [NL4A, #234]

E. a. apuleia

Ecuador Episcada apuleia apuleia ; [NL4A, #234a]

E. a. santanella (Haensch, 1903)

Ecuador apuleia santanella (Haensch, 1903) (Pteronymia); , TL: Ecuador, St Inéz

= Episcada apuleia ; [EcuL]

Episcada apuleia santanella ; [NL4A, #234c]

E. a. cora Haensch, 1909

Bolivia apuleia cora Haensch, 1909; , TL: Bolivia
Episcada cora ??Bang-Haas; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 32 (text only)]
Episcada apuleia cora ; [NL4A, #234b]

E. a. ssp.

Peru Episcada apuleia ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #234d]

E. a. ssp.

Peru Episcada apuleia ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #234e]

Episcada doto (Hübner, [1806])

E.Amazonia. See [About maps] Nereis doto Hübner, [1806]
Nerëis doto Hübner, [1806]; , TL: Brazil, "Rio de Janeiro"
Ceratiscada doto ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 5, pl. 13, f. 18
Episcada doto ; [NL4A, #237]

E. d. doto

Brazil(Pará, ...) sisera (Hewitson, [1852]) (Ithomia); , TL: [Brazil, Pará]

= ; [NL4A, #237a]

levi (Fox, 1942) (Pteronymia); , TL: "Colombia"

= ; [NL4A, #237a]

Episcada doto doto ; [NL4A, #237a]

E. d. canaria (Brown & d'Almeida, 1970)

Brazil(Espírito Santo) doto canaria (Brown & d'Almeida, 1970) (Ceratiscada); , TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo
Ceratiscada canaria ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 5, pl. 13, f. 16
Episcada doto canaria ; [NL4A, #237b]

E. d. zajciwi d'Almeida & Mielke, 1967

Brazil(Ceará) doto zajciwi d'Almeida & Mielke, 1967; , TL: Brazil, Ceará
Episcada doto zajciwi ; [NL4A, #237c]

E. d. ssp.

Venezuela Episcada doto ssp. ; Neild, MS, [NL4A, #237d]

E. d. ssp.

Peru Episcada doto ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #237e]

E. d. ssp.

Brazil(Ceará) Episcada doto ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #237f]

Episcada hemixanthe (C. & R. Felder, 1865)

Brazil. See [About maps] hemixanthe (C. & R. Felder, 1865) (Ithomia); , TL: Brazil
Episcada hemixanthe ; [NL4A, #238]

Episcada hymen Haensch, 1905

Ecuador - Bolivia. See [About maps] hymen Haensch, 1905; , TL: San Mateo, Bolivia
Ceratiscada hymen ; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 5, pl. 13, f. 17
Episcada hymen ; [NL4A, #239]

E. h. hymen

Bolivia Ceratiscada hymen hymen ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 13, f. 17
Episcada hymen hymen ; [NL4A, #239a]

E. h. ssp.

Peru Episcada hymen ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #239b]

E. h. ssp.

Peru Episcada hymen ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #239c]

Episcada carcinia Schaus, 1902

Brazil(Paraná), SE.Brazil, Paraguay, NE.Argentina. See [About maps] carcinia Schaus, 1902; , TL: Brazil, Paraná
Episcada carcinia, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Episcada carcinia ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6, pl. 14, f. 1, 6; [NL4A, #235]

Episcada clausina (Hewitson, 1876)

Guianas. See [About maps] clausina (Hewitson, 1876) (Ithomia); , TL: Bolivia
Episcada clausina, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Episcada clausina ; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 31 (text only)]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6, pl. 14, f. 5; Brevignon, 2003, Lambillionea 103 (1): 51; [NL4A, #236]

E. c. clausina

Bolivia, Peru polita angelita Lamas, 1985; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #236a]

Episcada clausina clausina ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 14, f. 5; [NL4A, #236a]

E. c. striposis Haensch, 1909

Brazil(Minas Gerais) clausina striposis Haensch, 1909; , TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais
Episcada clausina striposis ; [NL4A, #236b]

E. c. ssp.

Ecuador Episcada clausina ssp. ; Willmott & Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #236c]

Episcada hymenaea (Prittwitz, 1865)

Colombia - Brazil - N.Argentina, Ecuador. See [About maps] hymenaea (Prittwitz, 1865) (Ithomyia[sic]); , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
Episcada hymenaea, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Prittwitzia hymenaea ;
Episcada hymenaea ; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 32 (text only)]; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6, pl. 14, f. 7; [NL4A, #240]

E. h. hymenaea

Brazil(Rio de Janeiro), Venezuela, Bolivia hymenea (Doubleday, [1845]) (Ithomia); (nom. nud.), TL: Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #240a]

nepiscada (Haensch, 1905) (Pteronymia); , TL: [Bolivia]

= ; [NL4A, #240a]

(Episcada) ab. nebula (d'Almeida, 1922) (Rhadinoptera); , TL: Brazil(Rio de Janeiro)

= ; [NL4A, #240a]

(Episcada) ab. stratonicis (d'Almeida, 1922) (Rhadinoptera); , TL: Brazil(Rio de Janeiro)

= ; [NL4A, #240a]

Episcada hymenaea hymenaea ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: pl. 14, f. 7; [NL4A, #240a]

E. h. caucana (Brown, 1970)

Colombia hymenaea caucana (Brown, 1970) (Prittwitzia); , TL: Colombia
Episcada hymenaea caucana ; [NL4A, #240b]

E. h. centralis (Brown & Mielke, 1970)

Brazil(Mato Grosso) hymenaea centralis (Brown & Mielke, 1970) (Prittwitzia); , TL: Brazil(Mato Grosso)
Episcada hymenaea centralis ; [NL4A, #240c]

E. h. ssp.

Venezuela Episcada hymenaea ssp. ; Neild, MS, [NL4A, #240d]

E. h. ssp.

Peru Episcada hymenaea ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #240e]

E. h. ssp.

Peru Episcada hymenaea ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #240f]

Episcada sp.

Peru. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #241]

E. s. ssp.

Peru Episcada sp. ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #241b]

E. s. ssp.

Peru Episcada sp. ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #241c]

E. s. ssp.

Bolivia Episcada sp. ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #241d]

Episcada mira (Hewitson, 1877)

Ecuador, Peru, Colombia?. See [About maps] mira (Hewitson, 1877) (Ithomia); , TL: Ecuador
segesta Weymer, 1899; , TL: [Colombia?]

= ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #242]

comstocki Fox, 1945; , TL: Hacienda San Francisco, Rio Mapoto and Rio Pastaza, Tungurahua, Ecuador, 1300m

= ; [NL4A, #242]

Episcada comstocki ; [EcuL]
Episcada mira ; [EBW]; [EcuL]; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6, pl. 14, f. 2; [NL4A, #242]

Episcada philoclea (Hewitson, [1855])

Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais). See [About maps] philoclea (Hewitson, [1855]) (Ithomia); , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
munda (Weymer, 1875) (Ithomia); , TL: S.Amer.

= ; [NL4A, #243]

montanella Zikán, 1941; , TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais

= ; [NL4A, #243]

Episcada philoclea ; [NL4A, #243]

Episcada sp.

Peru. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #244]

Episcada polita Weymer, 1899

Colombia. See [About maps] polita Weymer, 1899; , TL: Colombia
Episcada polita ; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 32 (text only)]; [NL4A, #245]

E. p. polita

Colombia Episcada polita polita ; [NL4A, #245a]

E. p. cabenis Haensch, 1905

Colombia polita cabenis Haensch, 1905; , TL: Colombia
Episcada polita cabenis ; [NL4A, #245b]

E. p. ssp.

Venezuela Episcada polita ssp. ; Neild, MS, [NL4A, #245c]

E. p. ssp.

Venezuela Episcada polita ssp. ; Neild, MS, [NL4A, #245d]

E. p. ssp.

Venezuela Episcada polita ssp. ; Neild, MS, [NL4A, #245e]

E. p. ssp.

Ecuador Episcada polita ssp. ; Willmott & Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #245f]

Episcada sp.

Peru. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #246]

Episcada sp.

Peru. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #247]

Episcada salvinia (Bates, 1864)

Mexico - Panama. See [About maps] Ithomia salvinia Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (2): 34, TL: Guatemala
Episcada salvinia salvinia, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Episcada salvinia salvinia, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Episcada salvinia ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 41, 3: pl. 3, f. 19; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 646; [BCR, 232]; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 31]; [EBW]; [NL4A, #248]

Larva on Solanum antillarum [BCR]

E. s. salvinia

Guatemala Episcada salvinia salvinia ; [NL4A, #248a]

E. s. apia (C. & R. Felder, 1865)

Colombia salvinia apia (C. & R. Felder, 1865) (Ithomia); , TL: Nova Granada, Bogota
helena Haensch, 1905; , TL: Colombia, Muzo

= Episcada apia ; [EcuL]
= ; [NL4A, #248b]

Episcada apia ; [EcuL, (note)]
Episcada salvinia apia ; [NL4A, #248b]

E. s. opleri Lamas, 1978

Costa Rica salvinia opleri Lamas, 1978; , TL: Costa Rica
Episcada salvinia opleri ; [NL4A, #248c]

E. s. portilla (Maza & Lamas, 1978)

Mexico salvinia portilla (Maza & Lamas, 1978) (Epsicada); , TL: Mexico, Oaxaca
Episcada salvinia portilla, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Episcada salvinia portilla, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Episcada salvinia portilla ; [NL4A, #248d]

Episcada sulphurea Haensch, 1905

-. See [About maps] sulphurea Haensch, 1905; , TL: Bolivia
Episcada sulphurea ; [NL4A, #249]

E. s. sulphurea

Bolivia Episcada sulphurea sulphurea ; [NL4A, #249a]

E. s. ssp.

Peru Episcada sulphurea ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #249b]

E. s. ssp.

Peru Episcada sulphurea ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #249c]

Episcada sylpha Haensch, 1905

Venezuela. See [About maps] Episcada sylpha Haensch, 1905; , TL: Venezuela
Episcada heneme Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; (nom. nud.), TL: ?

= ; [NL4A, #250]

Episcada sylpha ; [BOW: pl. 45, f. 32]; [NL4A, #250]

Episcada ticidella (Hewitson, 1869)

-. See [About maps] ticidella (Hewitson, 1869) (Ithomia); , TL: Ecuador,St. Inéz
Episcada ticidella ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #251]

E. t. ticidella

Ecuador Episcada ticidella ticidella ; [NL4A, #251a]

E. t. ssp.

Peru Episcada ticidella ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #251b]

E. t. ssp.

Peru Episcada ticidella ssp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #251c]

Episcada vitrea d'Almeida & Mielke, 1967

Brazil(Rio de Janeiro). See [About maps] vitrea d'Almeida & Mielke, 1967; , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
Episcada vitrea ; [NL4A, #252]

Episcada sp.

Peru. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas & Willmott, MS, [NL4A, #253]

Episcada sp.

Peru, Bolivia. See [About maps] Episcada sp. ; Lamas, 1999, Butterflies of the world, 3: 6, pl. 14, f. 2 (Bolivia, Cochabamba, Chapare, Yungas del Palmar, 1000m)

14.2.2008 (16)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BCR]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[EcuL]

Tommaso & Luigi Racheli, 2001; An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae); Fragmenta entomologica 33 (2): 213-380

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

Some related literature:

Bates, 1864

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864), (2): 31-35 (1864), (3): 55-59 (1864), (4): 81-85 (1864), (5): 113-116 (1864), (6): 126-131 (1864), (7): 161-164 (1864), (8): 178-180 (1865), (9): 202-205 (1865)

Brevignon, 2003

Inventaire des Ithomiinae de Guyane Française (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Lambillionea 103 (1): 41-58

Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Lamas, 1999

Nymphalidae II. Ithomiinae Butterflies of the world, 3: 17pp, 16pls

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.