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Goto:

Danaus Kluk, 1780

Tigers Milkweeds Monarchs Queens
Danaus Kluk, 1780; Hist. nat. pocz. gospod. 4: 84, TS: Papilio plexippus Linnaeus
Danaida Latreille, 1804; Nouv. Dict. Hist. nat. 24 (6): 185, 199, TS: Papilio plexippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Limnas Hübner, [1806]; Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [1] (rej.), TS: Papilio chrysippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Danais Latreille, 1807; Mag. für Insektenkunde 6: 291, TS: Papilio plexippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Danaus Latreille, 1809; : 201 (preocc. Kluk, 1780), TS: Papilio plexippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Anosia Hübner, 1816; Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): 16, TS: Papilio gilippus Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Festivus Crotch, 1872; Cist. ent. 1: 62, TS: Papilio plexippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Salatura Moore, [1880]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 5, TS: Papilio genutia Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Nasuma Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 233, TS: Papilio ismare Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Tasitia Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 235, TS: Papilio gilippus Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Danaomorpha Kremky, 1925; Ann. zool. Mus. polon. Hist. nat. 4: 164, 167, TS: Papilio gilippus Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Panlymnas Bryk, 1937; Lep. Cat. 78: 56, TS: Papilio chrysippus Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Diogas d'Almeida, 1938; Papilio erippus, Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 171]

Danaus [Wahlberg]
Salaturia ; Swinhoe, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1893: 268 (missp.)
Danais ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1
Danaus (Danaidae) ; [BRU, 10]
Danaus (Danaina) ; [Wahlberg]; [AfrL]; [NL4A, 171]

Danaus cleophile (Godart, 1819)

Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica. See [About maps] Danais cleophile Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 185, TL: [?Haiti]
Danaus (Danaus) cleophile ; [MWB: 201, pl. 15, f. 89, pl. VII, f. 59]
Danaus cleophile ; [BOW: pl. 48, f. 12]; [NL4A, #13]

Larva on Asclepias curassavica [MWB]

Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)

NA, CA, SA, Canary Islands, Queensland?, New Guinea. See [About maps] Monarch Milkweed Common Tiger Wanderer Black Weined Brown
Papilio plexippus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 471, TL: New York State, Kendall
?bipunctata Dufrane, 1948²
?disjuncta Dufrane, 1948²
?obliterata Dufrane, 1948²
?Danaida plexippus f. connectens Moulton, 1921; J. fed. Malay. St. Mus. 10 (3): 158, 175
Danaus plexippus [ALBERTA]
Danaus plexippus plexippus [ILMB]
Danaus plexippus plexippus [BOA]
Danaus plexippus [Wahlberg]
Danaus plexippus [BAMONA]
Danaus plexippus [Kimmo Silvonen]
Danaus plexippus [Don Herbison-Evans]
Danaus plexippus [GALEPS]
Danaus plexippus [Bruce Walsh]
Danaus plexippus [Mario Maier]
Danaus plexippus [Simon Coombes]
Danais plexippus ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 638
Anosia plexippus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 33
Danais archippus ; Haensch, 1909, : 113
Danaus plexippus ; [NACL, #4614]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 20]; [BAUR, 170]; [BCR: 212, pl. 33]; [MRS, 269]; [BMAT: 105, pl. 32, f. 25 (seen once in 1988 in Morocco)]; [Opler]; [AfrL]; [NL4A, #17]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Danaus (Danaus) plexippus ; [MWB: 201, pl. 15, f. 90, pl. IX, f. 100, pl. XI, f. 134]

500x360 (~55Kb) upperside Millbridge, Plymouth, UK 13/10/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	357x500 (~50Kb) underside Millbridge, Plymouth, UK 13/10/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	1200x825 (~147Kb) upperside USA: Rest area on I15/I84 (41°28'01"N 112°03'11"W), Box Elder Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela
800x535 (~64Kb) underside USA: Rest area on I15/I84 (41°28'01"N 112°03'11"W), Box Elder Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1404x1030 (~137Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 23.6.2003, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Asclepias curassavica [H&R], Asclepias spp., Matelea [BCR], Apocynum androsaemifolium, Acerates spp., Araujia hortorum, A. sericifera, Asclepias amplexicaulis, A. cordifolia, A. curassavica, A. eriocarpa, A. exaltata, A. fascicularis, A. fruticosa, A. grandiflora, A. humistrata, A. incarnata, A. lanceolatum, A. mexicana, A. nitida, A. nivea, A. phytolaccoides, A. purpurascens, A. rotundifolia, A. rubra, A. semilunata, A. speciosa, A. sullivanti, A. syriaca, A. tomentosa, A. tuberosa, A. verticillata, Cynanchum dalhousieae, Ceropegia intermedia, Stephanotis floribunda, Raphistemma pulchellum, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Gomphocarpus arborescens, G. fruticosus, G. physocarpus, Gonolobus laevis, Gonolobus rostratus, Marsednia spp., Matelea reticulata, Oxypetalum coeruleum, Stapelia variegata, S. grandiflora, Ipomoea spp., Euphorbia mauretanica?, Gossypium arboreum?, Citrus spp. [MRS]

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, A. fruticosa, A. rotundifolia, A. semilunata, Calotropis gigantea, Staphelia grandiflora, S. variegata K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

Mimiced by Basilarchia archippus.

D. p. plexippus

New York, Colorado, Texas, Missouri, ... Papilio misippiformis Meuschen, 1781; (unavail.), TL: "India"

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Papilio archippus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 49 (preocc. Cramer, 1776), TL: "S.Amer"

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Danais archippus var. fumosus Hulst, 1886; , TL: [New York]

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

ab. pulchra (Strecker, 1900) (Danais); , TL: Colorado

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Danaus menippe f. americanus Gunder, 1927; , TL: Texas

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Danaus menippe f. nivosus Gunder, 1927; (preocc. Godman & Salvin, 1897), TL: Missouri

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

curassavicae Bryk, 1937; (repl. name), TL: "S.Amer"

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

curassavicae (Fabricius, 1938) (Euploea); (repl. name, preocc. Bryk, 1937), TL: "S.Amer"

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Euploea asclepiadis Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name), TL: [New York]

= ; [NL4A, #17a]

Danaus plexippus plexippus ; [NL4A, #17a]; [AfrL]

D. p. megalippe (Hübner, [1826])

Nicaragua - Peru, NE.Brazil, Venezuela, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Trinidad, Tobago, Galapagos Anosia megalippe Hübner, [1826]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [7], f. 2
Danaus plexippus megalippe [Pierre Zagatti]
Danais plexippus ; Beebe, 1923, Zoologica 5: 55
Danaus plexippus ; Linsley & Usinger, 1966, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 33: 157; Roque, 1998, Noticias de Galápagos 59: 9; Roque, 1998, Lep. News, 2: 10
Danaus (Danaus) plexippus megalippe ; [EcuL]
Danaus plexippus megalippe ; [NL4A, #17c]; Roque-Albelo, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 40, f. 12

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, Sarcostemma angustissima Roque-Albelo, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 40

D. p. leucogyne (Butler, 1884)

St. Thomas plexippus leucogyne (Butler, 1884) (Anosia); , TL: St. Thomas
Danaus plexippus leucogyne ; [NL4A, #17b]

D. p. nigrippus (Haensch, 1909)

Ecuador plexippus nigrippus (Haensch, 1909) (Danais); , TL: "Nicaragua Südlich"
Danaus (Danaus) plexippus nigrippus ; [EcuL]
Danaus plexippus nigrippus ; [NL4A, #17d]

D. p. portoricensis Clark, 1941

Puerto Rico plexippus portoricensis Clark, 1941; , TL: Puerto Rico
Danaus plexippus portoricensis ; [NL4A, #17e]

D. p. tobagi Clark, 1941

Tobago plexippus tobagi Clark, 1941; , TL: Tobago
Danaus plexippus tobagi ; [NL4A, #17f]

Danaus erippus (Cramer, [1775])

Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina), Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, S.Peru. See [About maps] Papilio erippus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 4, pl. 3, f. A, B, TL: Brazil [?Rio de Janeiro]
Limnas plexippe Hübner, [1812]; (emend.)
menippe (Hübner, 1816) (Anosia); (repl. name), TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #15]

erippe (Hübner, 1816) (Anosia); (emend.)

= ; [NL4A, #15]

synippe (Hübner, 1821) (Anosia); (repl. name), TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #15]

Danais archippus var. brasiliensis Capronnier, 1874; (nom. nud.), TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; Santa Catarina

= ; [NL4A, #15]

vulgaris (Larrañaga, 1923) (Papilio); , TL: Uruguay

= ; [NL4A, #15]

Danais erippus ab. larensis Köhler, 1929; , TL: Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #15]

Danaus (Danaus) erippus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 93; [MWB: 204, pl. 15, f. 91]
Danaus erippus ; [NL4A, #15]

Larva on Araujia sericifera, A. hortorum, Asclepias curassavica, Morrenia odorata, Oxypetalum coeruleum [MWB]

Danaus ismare (Cramer, [1780])

Moluccas, Celebes. See [About maps] Papilio ismare Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): 156, pl. 279, f. E, F, TL: S.Moluccas, Ambon
alba Morishita, 1981²
celebensis Rothschild, 1892²
Danaus ismare [Wahlberg]
Danaus ismare ; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 17]; [BOR, 204]
Danaus (Salatura) ismare ; [MWB: 205, pl. 15, f. 92, pl. 16, f. 93]

D. i. ismare

Moluccas Danaus ismare ismare ; [BAUR, 172 (text)]

D. i. fulvus Ribbe, 1890²

SE.Sulawesi, Bangka I., Bangai group, Talaud, Sangir Danaus ismare fulvus ; [BOR, 204]

D. i. felicia Fruhstorfer, 1907²

Buru, Obi Danaus ismare felicia ; [BAUR, 172]

D. i. ismareola Butler, 1866²

Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan? Danaus ismare ismareola ; [BAUR, 172 (text)]

D. i. goramica Fruhstorfer, 1907²

Goram I. Danaus ismare goramica ; [BAUR, 172 (text)]

Danaus genutia (Cramer, [1779])

Afghanistan, Kashmir - China, Australia. See [About maps] Common Tiger Indian Monarch Orange Tiger
Papilio genutia Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 23, pl. 206, f. C, D, TL: China, Canton
Salatura intermedia Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 241
adnana Swinhoe, 1917²
Danaus plexippus plexippus f. albipars Talbot, 1943; Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 (1): 126, TL: Sikkim; Burma
bandjira Martin, 1911²
bimana Martin, 1911²
Danaida plexippus plexippus f. grynion Fruhstorfer, 1907; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 19: 173, TL: S.Annam; Sikkim
Danaus nipalensis Moore, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20: 43, TL: Katmandu
sumbana Talbot, 1943²
tuak Pryer & Cator, 1894²
uniens Martin, 1911²
Danaus genutia [Wahlberg]
Danaus genutia genutia [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Danaus genutia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Danaus genutia ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 5]; [BOR, 203]; [MRS, 270]
Danaus (Salatura) genutia genutia f. intermedius (Moore, 1883); [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 4]
Danaus (Salatura) genutia ; [MWB: 205, pl. 16, f. 94-96, pl. IX, f. 99]

986x946 (~113Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 14th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

975x756 (~98Kb) upperside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 14th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1011x918 (~109Kb) underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 14th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Asclepiadaceae [BHR], Cynanchum langysuense, C. formosana, C. taiwanianum, Metaplexis japonica, Asclepias curassavica, Ceropegia intermedia, Cynanchum dalhousiae, C. liukiuensis, Graphistemma pictum, Gymnema spp., Marsdenia tinctoria, M. tomentosa, Pergularia odoratissima, Raphistemma pulchellum, R. lemma, Stephanotis floribunda, Tylophora cissoides, T. tanakae [MRS]

D. g. genutia

India - China, Ceylon, Andamans, Nicobars, Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, Langkawi, Singapore, Indo-China, Taiwan, Hainan Danaus genutia genutia ; [BOR, 203]
Danaus (Salatura) genutia genutia ; [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 3]

Larva on Raphistemma pulchellum [BMP]

D. g. sumatrana Moore, 1883²

W.Sumatra, NE.Sumatra Danaus genutia sumatrana ; [BOR, 203]

D. g. conspicua Butler, 1866²

S.Sulawesi Danaus genutia conspicua ; [BOR, 203]

D. g. niasicus Fruhstorfer, 1899²

Nias Danaus genutia niasicus ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. intensa (Moore, 1883)

Java, Bali, Bawean, Borneo Salatura intensa Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 240, TL: Java
Danaida plexippus intensa ; Rothschild, 1915, : 116
Danaus genutia intensa ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. partita Fruhstorfer, 1897²

Lesser Sunda Danaus genutia partita ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. leucoglene C. & R. Felder, 1865²

N.Sulawesi Danaus genutia leucoglene ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. tychius Fruhstorfer, 1910²

Selajar Danaus genutia tychius ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. telmissus Fruhstorfer, 1910²

Butong I. Danaus genutia telmissus ; [BOR, 203 (note)]

D. g. wetterensis Fruhstorfer, 1899²

Wetar I., Timor Danaus genutia wetterensis ; [BAUR, 170]

D. g. laratensis Butler, 1883²

Tanimbar I. Danaus genutia laratensis ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. g. kyllene Fruhstorfer, 1910²

Damar I., Kai I. Danaus genutia kyllene ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. g. alexis (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)

Northern Territory - NW.Australia Danaida alexis Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914
Danaus genutia alexis ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

Danaus affinis (Fabricius, 1775)

-. See [About maps] Black & White Tiger
Papilio affinis Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 511, no. 291, TL: Australia
Papilio philene Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): 168, pl. 375, f. A, B, TL: S.Moluccas, Ambon
Salatura nigrita Moore, 1883
batjana Fruhstorfer, 1899²
cecilia Bougainville, 1837²
chionippe Hübner, 1823²
coriacea Fruhstorfer, 1906²
fuscata Talbot, 1943²
insolata Butler, 1870²
jimiensis Miller & Miller, 1978²
kapaura Talbot, 1943²
litoralis Doherty, 1891²
luxurians Fruhstorfer, 1907²
Salatura mysolica Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 242, TL: Misol
nora Swinhoe, 1917²
nubila Butler, 1866²
oesypera Talbot, 1943²
olga Swinhoe, 1917²
oros Fruhstorfer, 1907²
paradoxa Röber, 1939²
piepersi Kalis, 1933²
pseudophilene Fruhstorfer, 1907²
pullata Butler, 1866²
rubrica Fruhstorfer, 1906²
sangira Fruhstorfer, 1899²
signata Talbot, 1943²
snelleni Kalis, 1933²
subnubila Fruhstorfer, 1907²
tambora Fruhstorfer, 1899²
taroena van Eecke, 1915²
transfuga Fruhstorfer, 1907²
vandeldeni Kalis, 1933²
vorkeinus Röber, 1866²
woodlarkiana Fruhstorfer, 1907²
Danaus affinis [Wahlberg]
Danaus affinis [Don Herbison-Evans]
Danaus philene ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 23]
Danaus affinis ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 8-9]; [BOR, 204]
Danaus (Salatura) affinis ; [MWB: 206, pl. 16, f. 97, 98, pl. 17, f. 99-103, pl. VII, f. 53, pl. IX, f. 97, pl. X, f. 132]

Larva on Ischnostemma selangorica, Tylophora sp., Vincetoxicum carnosum [MWB], Cynanchum carnosum, C. ovalifolium K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

D. a. affinis

N.Queensland - Richmond River, New South Wales Danaus affinis affinis ; [BAUR, 171]

D. a. malayana (Fruhstorfer, 1899)

Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Nicobars Salatura malayana Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (1/2): 70, TL: Malaysia
Danaus affinis malayana [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Danaus affinis malayana ; [BOR, 204]
Danaus (Salatura) affinis malayanus ; [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 6-7]

Larva on Ischnostemma selangorica [BMP]

D. a. fulgurata Butler, 1866²

Sulawesi, Bangka I Danaus affinis fulgurata ; [BOR, 204]

D. a. decentralis Fruhstorfer, 1899²

Sula Danaus affinis decentralis ; [BOR, 204]

D. a. taruna Fruhstorfer, 1899²

Sangi varuna[sic?]
Danaus affinis taruna ; [BOR, 204]

D. a. affinoides Fruhstorfer, 1899²

Talaud Is. Danaus affinis affinoides ; [BOR, 204]

D. a. abigar Eschscholtz, 1821²

Philippines Danaus affinis abigar ; [BOR, 204]

D. a. gelanor (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)

Darnley I. Danaida gelanor Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914
Danaus philene gelanor ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. a. albistriga Talbot, 1943²

New Caledonia?, Loyalty Is., Lifu, New Hebrides Danaus affinis albistriga ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. bipuncta Talbot, 1943²

Vitu I, New Britain? Danaus affinis bipuncta ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. cometho Godman & Salvin, 1888²

Solomon Is. Danaus affinis cometho ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. galacterion Fruhstorfer, 1906²

Fergusson, Trobriand, West Irian strephon Fruhstorfer, 1907²
Danaus affinis galacterion ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. tualana Talbot, 1943²

Kai I., Tanimbar Danaus affinis tualana ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. aruana (Moore, 1883)

Aru Danaus affinis aruana ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

D. a. leucippus Röber, 1891²

Timor, Wetar chionippe ?Fruhstorfer²
Danaus affinis leucippus ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

?D. a. ferruginea Butler, 1876²

Papua, Yule I. molyssa Fruhstorfer, 1907²
Danaus philene ferruginea ; [BAUR, 170]
?Danaus ferruginea ; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 14]

D. a. obscura (Capronnier, 1886)

Waigeu, Kapaur, West Irian (Fakfak) Danaus philene obscura ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. a. subnigra (Joicey & Talbot, 1922)

Noemfoor, Biak Danaus philene subnigra ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. a. jobiensis (Grose-Smith, 1894)

Jobi, Roon Is. Salatura jobiensis Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 339, TL: Ron
pittakus Fruhstorfer, 1907²
Danaus philene jobiensis ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. a. mytilene (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

West Irian Danaus philene mytilene ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

?D. a. bonguensis (Fruhstorfer, 1899)

NE.New Guinea Salatura mytilene bonguensis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (1/2): 68, TL: German New Guinea
Danaus philene bonguensis ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. a. sabrona Talbot, 1943

West Irian Danaus philene sabrona ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

?D. a. pleistarchus Fruhstorfer, 1912²

Matty Is.?, New Guinea Danaus philene pleistarchus ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

?D. a. biseriata Butler, 1882²

New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York adustus Godman & Salvin, 1882²
Danaus philene biseriata ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

?D. a. kiriwina Fruhstorfer, 1907²

Trobriand Is. Danaus philene kiriwina ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

?D. a. fergussonia Fruhstorfer, 1907²

Fergusson I. Danaus philene fergussonia ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

?D. a. decipientis (Strand, 1914)

Admiralty Group Danaida mytilene decipientis Strand, 1914; Lepid. Niepeltiana (1): 25, TL: Admiralty Islands
Danaus philene decipientis ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

?D. a. decipiens Butler, 1882²

Solomon Is. Danaus philene decipiens ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

?D. a. albonotata Howarth, 1962²

Somomons (Rennell Is., Bellona Is.) Danaus philene albonotata ; [BAUR, 171 (text)]

Danaus melanippus (Cramer, [1777])

Bengal - Burma, Orissa, Assam, Celebes. See [About maps] Common Tiger White Tiger Eastern Common Tiger
Papilio melanippus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 44, pl. 127, f. A, B, TL: [Java]
albescens Röber, 1927²
camorta Evans, 1932²
erebus Röber, 1891²
fruhstorferi Röber, 1897²
insularis Moulton, 1921²
malossoma Fruhstorfer, 1899²
meridionigra Martin, 1913²
mezentius Fruhstorfer, 1910²
philozigetes Fruhstorfer, 1907²
taimanu Doherty, 1891²
thoe Hübner, 1816²
Danaus melanippus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 21-22]; [BOR, 202]; [MRS, 271]
Danaus (Salatura) malanippus ; [MWB: 207, pl. 17, f. 104, pl. 18, f. 105-107, pl. IX, f. 89, pl. X, f. 116]

Larva on Ageratum conyzoides, Wedelia biflora, Lantana spp. [MRS]

D. m. melanippus

Java Danaus melanippus melanippus ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777])

Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung Papilio hegesippus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 128, pl. 180, f. A, TL: Sumatra
Danaus melanippus hegesippus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Danaus melanippus hegesippus ; [BOR, 202]
Danaus (Salatura) melanippus hegesippus ; [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 5]

D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899)

E.India - Thailand, Indo-China Salatura melanippus indicus Fruhstorfer, 1899; , TL: W.Burma
Danaus melanippus indicus ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. lotina Fruhstorfer, 1904²

Natuna Is. Danaus melanippus lotina ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891²

Sumbawa - Alor Danaus melanippus haruhasa ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. edmondii Bougainville, 1837 (?Lesson)²

Philippines Danaus melanippus edmondii ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. celebensis Staudinger, 1889²

N.Sulawesi Danaus melanippus celebensis ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929²

Taiwan Danaus melanippus kotoshonis ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. edwardsi van Eecke, 1914²

Simeulue Danaus melanippus edwardsi ; [BOR, 202]
?edwardi ;

D. m. keteus Hagen, 1898²

Mentawai Danaus melanippus keteus ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. nesippus Felder, 1862²

Nicobars Danaus melanippus nesippus ; [BOR, 202]

D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906²

Pualu Tello Danaus melanippus umbrosus ; [BOR, 203]

D. m. eurydice Butler, 1884²

Nias Danaus melanippus eurydice ; [BOR, 203]

D. m. pietersi Doherty, 1891²

Enggano Danaus melanippus pietersi ; [BOR, 203]

D. m. lotis (Cramer, 1779)

Borneo - Philippines Papilio lotis Cramer, 1779; (preocc. Papilio lotis Sulzer, 1776)
Danaus lotis ; [BOW: pl. 153, f. 20]
Danaus melanippus lotis ; [MRS, 271]

Danaus eresimus (Cramer, [1777])

S.Texas, CA - Amazon Basin, West Indies. See [About maps] Tropic Queen Soldier
Papilio eresimus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 121, pl. 175, f. G, H, TL: Surinam
?eresime (Godart, 1819)
Danaus eresimus [BAMONA]
Danais eresimus ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 638
Danaus eresimus ; [NACL, #4616]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 18]; [Opler]
Danaus (Anosia) eresimus ; [MWB: 208, pl. 18, f. 108]; [EcuL]
Danaus eresimus ; [NL4A, #14]

588x543 (~45Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, Calotropis procera, Cynanchum undatum, C. unifarium, Spigelia anthelmia [MWB]

D. e. eresimus

Surinam asclepidea Bryk, 1937; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #14a]

asclepidea (Fabricius, 1938) (Euploea); (repl. name), TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #14a]

Danaus eresimus eresimus ; [NL4A, #14a]

D. e. plexaure (Godart, 1819)

E.Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, N.Argentina, E.Bolivia Danais plexaure Godart, [1819]; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 184, TL: Brazil [?Rio de Janeiro]
brasiliensis Capronnier, 1874²
Danaus plexaure ; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 19 (text only)]
Danaus (Anosia) plexaure ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 93; [MWB: 208, pl. 18, f. 109]
?Danaus plexippus plexaure ;
Danaus eresimus plexaure ; [NL4A, #14g]

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, Rouliniella fluminensis [MWB]

D. e. erginus (Godman & Salvin, 1897)

Peru eresimus erginus (Godman & Salvin, 1897) (Danais); , TL: Peruvia septentrionalis, Payta; Viña
Danais gilippus var. icensis Fuchs, 1954; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #14c]

Danaus eresimus erginus ; [NL4A, #14c]

D. e. dilucida Forbes, 1939

Brazil(Pará) eresimus dilucida Forbes, 1939; , TL: Brazil, Pará
Danaus eresimus dilucida ; [NL4A, #14b]

D. e. estevana Talbot, 1943

Venezuela eresimus estevana Talbot, 1943; , TL: Venezuela
Danaus eresimus estevana ; [NL4A, #14d]

D. e. montezuma Talbot, 1943

Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Mexico Danaus eresimus montezuma Talbot, 1943; , TL: Mexico, Veracruz
nephele Forbes, [1944]; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #14f]

Anosia eresimus ares d'Almeida, 1944; , TL: [Guatemala]

= ; [NL4A, #14f]

Danaus eresimus montezuma [ILMB]
Danaus eresimus montezuma [BOA]
Danaus eresimus montezuma [Bruce Walsh]
Danaus eresimus montezuma ; [NACL, #4616a]; [BCR: 212, pl. 33]; [NL4A, #14f]

Larva on Asclepias, Calotropis, Cynanchum, Spigelia [BCR]

D. e. tethys Forbes, [1944]

Haiti Danaus eresimus tethys Forbes, [1944]; , TL: Haiti
Danaus eresimus tethys ; [NACL, #4616b]; [NL4A, #14h]

D. e. ssp.

Peru Danaus eresimus ssp. ; Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #14i]

Danaus gilippus (Cramer, [1775])

S.California, Kansas, Texas, Florida, NA.Georgia, CA, SA. See [About maps] Queen
Papilio gilippus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 41, pl. 26, f. E, F [?C, D, TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
Danaus gilippus [Wahlberg]
Danaus gilippus [BAMONA]
D. gilippus [GALEPS]
Danaus gilippus ; [NACL, #4615]; [EBW]; [NL4A, #16]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 19]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #16]
Danaus (Anosia) gilippus ; [MWB: 208, pl. 18, f. 110, pl. 19, f. 111, pl. VII, f. 58]

552x562 (~40Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

1000x770 (~73Kb) larva USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia, "Butterlfy garden", Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Nerium sp., Asclepias amplexicaulis, A. curassavica, Asclepias erosa, A. humistrata, A. incarnata, A. nivea?, A. tuberosa rolfsii, Calotropis procera, Funastrum lineare heterophyllum, Gonolobus sp., Ibatia quinquelobata, Oxypetalum sp., Philibertia heterophylla, P. linearis, Sarcostemma sp., S. cynanchoides hartwegii?, S. hirtellum, Stapelia sp., Vincetoxicum sp. [MWB]

D. g. gilippus

Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, ...) vincedoxici (Hübner, 1816) (Anosia); (repl. name), TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

= ; [NL4A, #16a]

vincetoxici (Hübner, [1816]) (Limnas); , TL: [Brazil]

= ; [NL4A, #16a]

manuja (Eschscholtz, 1821) (Idea); , TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #16a]

Danaus (Anosia) gilippus gilippus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 93
Danaus gilippus gilippus ; [NL4A, #16a]

D. g. berenice (Cramer, [1779])

Papilio berenice Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): pl. 205, f. E, TL: "Jamaica"
Danais berenice ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 3; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 638
Anosia berenice ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 33
Danaus gilippus berenice ; [NACL, #4615a]; [NL4A, #16b]

D. g. cleothera (Godart, 1819)

Dominican Republic Danais cleothera Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 185, TL: "Timor"
Danais kaempfferi Hall, 1925; , TL: Dominican Republic

= ; [NL4A, #16d]

Danais cleothera ; Godman & Salvin, [1879], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 3; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 638
Danaus cleothera ; [EBW, (name only)]
Danaus gilippus cleothera ; [NL4A, #16d]

D. g. xanthippus (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

Venezuela gilippus xanthippus (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (Danais); , TL: "Brazil"
Danaida hermippus centralis Joicey & Talbot, 1925; , TL: Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #16j]

Danaus gilippus xanthippus ; [NL4A, #16j]

D. g. thersippus (Bates, 1863)

S.USA, Mexico - Panama, Guatemala, Galapagos Danais thersippus Bates, 1863; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 243, TL: Panama
Danais strigosa Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (2): 32, TL: Guatemala

= ; [NL4A, #16h]

Danais berenice var. esperanza Hoffmann, 1924; , TL: Mexico,Veracruz

= ; [NL4A, #16h]

Danaus berenice ab. kerri Comstock, 1925; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #16h]

Anosia berenice f. gilippina Hoffmann, 1940; , TL: Mexico, Colima

= ; [NL4A, #16h]

Danaus gilippus thersippus [ILMB]
Danaus gilippus thersippus [BOA]
Danaus gilippus ; Parkin, Parkin, Ewing & Ford, 1972, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 48 (2): 103; Linsley, 1977, Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. 125: 29
Danaus gilippus thersippus ; [BCR: 212, pl. 33]; Roque-Albelo, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 38, f. 11; [NL4A, #16h]

1000x1386 (~208Kb) USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

1000x1300 (~208Kb) underside USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Asclepias, Sarcostemma [BCR], Sarcostemma angustissima, Asclepias curassavica Roque-Albelo, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 38

D. g. jamaicensis (Bates, 1864)

Jamaica gilippus jamaicensis (Bates, 1864) (Danais); , TL: Jamaica
Danaus gilippus jamaicensis ; [NL4A, #16f]

D. g. strigosus (Bates, 1864)

strigosus (Bates, 1864); Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (2): 32
Danaus gilippus strigosus [Bruce Walsh]
Anosia berenice strigosa ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 33
Danaus gilippus strigosus ; [NACL, #4615b]

D. g. hermippus (C. & R. Felder, 1865)

Colombia gilippus hermippus (C. & R. Felder, 1865) (Danais); , TL: Colombia
hermippus Butler, 1866; (preocc. C. & R. Felder, 1865), TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #16e]

Danaus gilippus hermippus ; [NL4A, #16e]

D. g. nivosus (Godman & Salvin, 1897)

Peru gilippus nivosus (Godman & Salvin, 1897) (Danais); , TL: Peruvia septentrionalis, Viña; Cormille
Danaus (Anosia) gilippus nivosus ; [EcuL]
Danaus gilippus nivosus ; [NL4A, #16g]

D. g. candidus Clark, 1941

Peru gilippus candidus Clark, 1941; , TL: Peru
Danaus? gilippus var. rödingeri Fuchs, 1954; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #16c]

Danaus gilippus candidus ; [NL4A, #16c]

D. g. wheeleri Talbot, 1943

Colombia gilippus wheeleri Talbot, 1943; , TL: "Interior of Colombia"
Danaus (Anosia) gilippus wheeleri ; [EcuL]
Danaus gilippus wheeleri ; [NL4A, #16i]

D. g. ssp.

Grenada Danaus gilippus ssp. ; Lamas, MS, [NL4A, #16k]

Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Africa, Arabia, Tropical Asia, AU, Canary Islands, India, Ceylon, Burma. See [About maps] Plain Tiger Common Tiger Lesser Wanderer African Queen
Papilio chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 471, f. 81, TL: China, Canton (or Egypt?)
Danais fuscippus van Eecke, 1915
albinus Lanz, 1896²
Danaus chrysippus chrysippus f. amplifascia Talbot, 1943; Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 (1): 122, TL: India; S.China; Tonkin
anomala Dufrane, 1948²
asclepiadis Gagliardi, 1811²
auriflava van Eecke, 1914²
axantha Hayward, 1922²
Limnas bataviana Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 238, TL: Java
bipunctana Dufrane, 1948²
Limnas bowringi Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 239, TL: Hong Kong
candidata Hayward, 1922²
chrysipellus Strand, 1910²
clarippus Weymer, 1884²
completa Dufrane, 1948²
deficiens Dufrane, 1948²
duplicata Dufrane, 1948²
duponti Dufrane, 1948²
evanescens Storace, 1949²
gelderi Snellen, 1891²
hanoiensis Dufrane, 1948²
hypermnestra Stoneham, 1958²
impunctata Dufrane, 1948²
infumata Aurivillius, 1898²
joannisi Dufrane, 1948²
kanariensis Frushtorfer, 1898²
Limnas klugii Butler, [1886]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (4): 758, TL: Somaliland
lemeemagdalenae Lemeé, 1950²
liboria Hulstaert, 1931²
limbata Matsumura, 1929²
luxurians Dufrane, 1948²
ornata Dufrane, 1948²
praealbata Froreich, 1928²
pseudopetilea Kalis, 1933²
radiata Dufrane, 1948²
reducta Dufrane, 1948²
rubra van Eecke, 1915²
semialbinus Strand, 1910²
subpurpurea Matsumura, 1929²
subreducta Dufrane, 1948²
Danaus chrysippus f. transiens Suffert, 1900
vigelii Heylaerts, 1884²
witteellus Overlaet, 1955²
Danaus chrysippus [Wahlberg]
Danaus chrysippus chrysippus [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Danaus chrysippus [Don Herbison-Evans]
Danaus chrysippus [Mario Maier]
Danaida chrysippus bataviana ; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 116
Danaus chrysippus chrysippus ; [BK, 256, pl. 27, f. 385]
Danaus chrysippus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 198, f. 7]; [BOR, 202]; [MRS, 270]; [BRU2: 10, pl. 1, f. 5-6]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus ; [MWB: 209, pl. 19, f. 112-115, pl. IX, f. 98, pl. X, f. 115, 133, pl. XI, f. 150, 152]

870x597 (~35Kb) underside male female Yona, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 9-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt	600x435 (~32Kb) underside Morocco, Taroudannt, Souss, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~33Kb) upperside Morocco, Taroudannt, Souss, Photo © Michel Tarrier
769x513 (~64Kb) upperside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	769x513 (~87Kb) upperside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	769x514 (~96Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
816x612 (~51Kb) underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, at the lake at Bang Phra. 1st February 2005, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Asclepias [H&R], Apocynum [NAB], Gomphocarpus, Ceropegia, Stapelia, Huernia [PBSA], Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Asclepias curassavica, Asclepias spp., Caralluma spp., Ceropegia spp., Cynanchum abyssinicum, C. spp., Gomphocarpus fruticosus, G. spp., Huernia spp., Ishchnochardtia australis, Kanahia glaberrima, K. spp., Leichardtia spp., Leptadea hastata, Marsdenia leichardtiana, Pentatropis atropurpurea, P. spp., Peogularia daemia, P. extensa, Plenrostelma cernuum, Raphistemma pulchellum, Schizoglossum spp., Secamone spp., Stapelia spp., Stathmostelma spp., Tylophora spp., Ipomoea bona-nox, Euphorbia spp., Periploca linarifolia, Dyerophytum indicum, Rosa spp., Erioglossum rubiginosum, Antirrhinum spp. [MRS], Asclepias coarctata, A. fruticosa, A. fulva, A. lineolata, A. reflexa, A. rotundifolia, A. scabrifolia, A. swynnertoni, A. syriaca, Aspidoglossum interruptum, Cynanchum actutum, C. altiscandens, C. amplexicaule, C. floribundum, C. sublanceolatum var. obtusulum, Gomphocarpus kaesneri, G. physocarpa, G. semilunatus, G. stenophyllus, Ischnostemma carnosum, Kanahia laniflora, Leichardtia australis, Leptadenia hastata, Metaplexis japonica, Pachycarpus sp., Pentarrhinum sp., Pentatropis quinquepartita, Pergularia daemia, P. extensa?, Pleurostelma cernuum, Secamone afzelli, S. parviflora, S. platystigma, Stapelia nobilis, Stathmostelma gigantiflorum, S. pedunculatum, Tylophora stenoloba, T. sylvatica [MWB]

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, A. fruticosa, A. rotundifolia, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Cynanchum carnosum, C. floribundum, Marsdenia australis, Pentatropis atropurpurea, P. quinquepartita, Staphelia grandiflora, S. variegata K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)

Mimiced by Hypolimnas misippus. [BIR]

D. c. chrysippus

Papilio chrysippus f. alcippus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 127, f. E, F, TL: [W.Africa]
Danaus chrysippus f. alcippoides Moore, 1883; : 238, pl. 31, f. 1, TL: India
Danaida chrysippus ssp. margarita Röber, 1926; Ent. Mitt. 15 (3/4): 226
Euploea dorippus Klug, 1845; in Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys.: pl. 48, f. 1-3
?Danaus alcippus Marshall & de Nicéville, 1883; Butts India Burmah Ceylon 1 (1): 51 (1882)
Papilio aegyptius Schreber, 1759; Nov. Spec. Ins.: 9, f. 11-12

Danaus dorippus ; [AfrL] Danaus dorippus dorippus ; [AfrL] Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus f. alcippoides ; [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 2] Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus chrysippus ; [BMP: 104, pl. 11, f. 1] Danaus chrysippus chrysippus ; [BMAT: 59, pl. 19, f. 1-6]

Danaus chrysippus aegyptius f. dorippus ; [BAFR, 152, fig.] Danaus chrysippus aegyptius f. albinus ; [BAFR, 152, fig.] Danaus chrysippus aegyptius f. alcippoides ; [BAFR, 152, fig.] Danaus chrysippus aegyptius ; [BAFR, 152] Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus aegyptius ; [MadL] Danaus chrysippus alcippus ; [AfrL] Danaus chrysippus chrysippus ; [AfrL]

Larva on Asclepias curassavica, Calotropis gigantea [BMP], Pergularia tomentosa, Cynanchum acutum, Calotropis procera [BMAT]

D. c. petilia (Stoll, 1790)

Australia, Torres Strait Is.;New Guinea, Louisiades, New Hebrides Papilio petilia Stoll, [1790]; Aanhaangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): pl. 28, f. 3, TL: Coast of Coromandel
Danaus chrysippus petilia ; [BAUR, 170]

D. c. cratippus C. Felder, 1860

Moluccas, Timor - Tanimbar Danais cratippus C. Felder, 1860
Danaus chrysippus cratippus ; [BAUR, 170 (text)]

D. c. orientis (Aurivillius, 1909)

Danaus chrysippus orientis ; [AfrL]

15.7.2009 (10)

References:

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[AfrL]

Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); e-mail: Mark C. Williams

[BAFR]

D'Abrera, 1980; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BAUR]

D'Abrera, 1977; Butterflies of the Australian Region (2nd edn)

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BCR]

DeVries, Philip J.; The Butterflies of Costa Rica; Vol. I: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BHR]

D'Abrera; Butterflies of the Holarctic Region, Part I-III

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BK]

Larsen, Torben B., 1996; The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history

[BMAT]

Tennent, John, 1996; The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; ISBN 0 906802 05 9

[BMP]

Eliot (Ed.), Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992; The Butterflies of The Malay Peninsula; 4th edition; ISBN 983-9681-05-2

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOR]

D'Abrera, B., 1982, 1985, 1986; Butterflies of the Oriental Region, Part I-III

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[BRU]

Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae; Volume 1

[BRU2]

Tuzov (ed.), Bogdanov, Churkin, Devyatkin, Dantchenko, Murzin, Samodurov, Zhdanko, 2000; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae; Volume 2

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona

[Don Herbison-Evans]

and Stella A. Crossley; Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[EcuL]

Tommaso & Luigi Racheli, 2001; An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae); Fragmenta entomologica 33 (2): 213-380

[GALEPS]

Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm

[H&R]

Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[MWB]

Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984; Milkweed butterflies, their cladistics and biology; British Museum (Natural History)

[MadL]

Lees, D.C., Kremen, C. and Raharitsimba, H. 2003; in S.M. Goodman & J. P. Benstead (eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar; Classification, Diversity and Endemism of the Butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): A Revised Species Checklist: : pp. 762-793; University of Chicago Press. 1709 pp.

[Mario Maier]

Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier

[Michel Tarrier]

Michel R. Tarrier; Malaga, Spain; http://www.tarrier.org

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Olli Vesikko]

http://koti.welho.com/ovesikko/

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[PBSA]

Dickson, C.G.C (ed.), Kroon, D.M.; Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa; AD. DONKER 1978

[Pierre Zagatti]

WWW pages; Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the French Antilles; e-mail: Pierre Zagatti

[S. Shuichi Haupt]

e-mail: S. Shuichi Haupt; http://www.tu-berlin.de/fb7/ioeb/biologie/stefan.htm

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Vitaly Charny]

Birmingham, Alabama, USA

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Beebe, 1923

Notes on Galápagos Lepidoptera Zoologica 5: 51-59

Bates, 1863

On the collection of butterflies brought by Messrs. Salvin and Godman from Panama, with remarks on geographical distributions Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 239-249

Bates, 1864

New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864) (2): 31-35 (1864) (3): 55-59 (1864) (4): 81-85 (1864) (5): 113-116 (1864) (6): 126-131 (1864) (7): 161-164 (1864) (8): 178-180 (1865) (9): 202-205 (1865)

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2): 77-106

Butler, [1886]

An account of two collections of Lepidoptera recently received from Somali-land Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (4): 756-776, pl. 47

Cramer, [1775]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775) (8): 133-156, pl. 85-96 (1776)

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Cramer, [1779]; Cramer, [1780]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779) (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]) (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)

K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991

Review of Australian Butterflies: distribution, life history and taxonomy. Pushlished by authors, Melbourne Review Austr. Butts. (1-4):

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: xix, 723pp

Fabricius, 1775

Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Syst. Ent.: 832pp

Fruhstorfer, 1899

Uebersicht der Indo-Australischen Danaiden und Beschreibung neuer Formen Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (1/2): 64-87 (mid July)

Godman & Salvin, [1879]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487 3: pl. 1-112

Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782 3: pl. 1-112

Grose-Smith, 1894

An Account of a Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera from New Guinea (Parts I-III) - made by Mr. W. Doherty at Humboldt Bay, Dutch New Guinea, and in neighbouring islands, in the Museum of the honourable Walter Rothschild at Tring, with descriptions of new species Novit. zool. 1 (2): 331-365 543-551 (3): 571-584

Hübner, [1806]

Tentamen determinationis digestionis alque denominationis singlarum stripium Lepidopterorum, peritisad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum, a Jacob Hübner Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: -

Hübner, [1826]

Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 2 ([1819] - [1827]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [90], [180], [223] (1819) pl. [2], [12], [16], [78], [141], [182] (1820) pl. [11], [13], [24], [77], [83], [97], [102-103], [108-109], [116-117], [122], [147], [150], [164], [183], [195], [197], [212-214] (1821) pl. [14], [18-19], [26], [38-39], [43], [68], [70-71], [74], [84], [86], [92], [94-95], [106], [114], [121], [161], [169], [174], [177-178], [184], [194], [200], [204-205], [207-208], [210] (1821) pl. [33], [72], [76], [115], [131], [138-139], [153], [198], [211], [218], [220] (1822) pl. [32], [75], [81], [93], [105], [129] (1822) pl. [1], [6], [22-23], [25], [27], [29-31], [34-37], [40-42], [48], [50-53], [56], [58-59], [64-66], [69], [73], [87], [89], [91], [96], [98-101], [110], [124], [128], [130], [132-137], [142], [155-158], [160], [162-163], [165-167], [170-173], [175-176], [187-188], [196], [199], [201-202], [206], [215-216], [219], [222], [224] (1823) pl. [54], [118], [143], [149], [159] [179], [181], [185], [203], [217] (1824) pl. [3-5], [8-10], [15], [20], [45], [49], [55], [60], [62-63], [67], [79-80], [88], [104], [111-113], [120], [125], [127], [140], [144-146], [148], [151-152], [154], [168], [189-193], [221], [225] (1825) pl. [7], [17], [21], [28], [44], [46-47], [57], [61], [82], [123], [126] (1826) pl. [85], [119], [186], [209] (1827) (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1827-1832)

Hübner, 1816

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816) (2): 17-32 (1819) (3): 33-48 (1819) (4): 49-64 (1819) (5): 65-80 (1819) (6): 81-96 (1819) (7): 97-112 (1819) (8): 113-128 (1819) (9): 129-144 (1819) (10): 145-160 (1819) (11): 161-176 (1819) (12): 177-192 (1820) (13): 193-208 (1820) (14): 209-224 (1821) (15): 225-240 (1821) (16): 241-256 (1821) (17): 257-272 (1823) (18): 273-288 (1823) (19): 289-304 (1823) (20): 305-320 (1825) (21): 321-336 (1825) (22): 337-352 (1825) (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Kluk, 1780

Historyja naturalna zwierzat domowych i dzikich, osobliwie kraiowych, historyi naturalney poczatki, i gospodarstwo : potrzebnych I pozytecznych donowych chowanie, rozmnozenie, chorob leczenie, dzikich lowienie, oswaienie : za·zycie; szkodliwych zas wygubienie. 4 vols. Hist. nat. pocz. gospod. 4: -

Kurosawa, 1973

The true sttus of Salatura yuchingkini with comments on some forms described by the same outhors Butterflies and Moths, 23: 99-102

Latreille, 1807

Latreille's Eintheilung der Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Mag. für Insektenkunde 6: 290-295

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338 339-824

Linsley, 1977

Insect of Galápagos islands (Supplement) Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. 125: 1-50

Linsley & Usinger, 1966

Insects of Galápagos islands Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 33: 113-196

Marshall & de Nicéville, 1883

The Butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon, a descriptive Handbook of all the known Species of rhopalocerous Lepidoptera inhabiting that Region, with Notices of allied Species occurring in the neighbouring Countries along the Border, with numerous Illustrations. Vol. 1 Butts India Burmah Ceylon 1 (1): 1-94, pl. 1-9 (1882) (2): 95-327, pl. 10-17 (1883)

Moore, [1880]

The Lepidoptera of Ceylon Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 1-40, pl. 1-18 (2): 41-80, pl. 19-36 (3): 81-136, pl. 37-54 (4): 137-190, pl. 55-71

Moore, 1883

A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. [1] Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 201-252

Moulton, 1921

Notes on Malaysian Butterflies. (1) J. fed. Malay. St. Mus. 10 (3): 157-192

Parkin, Parkin, Ewing & Ford, 1972

A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galápagos Islands Expedition, 1968 Pan-Pac. Entomol. 48 (2): 100-107

Roque, 1998

The monarch butterfly in the Galápagos Islands: is it a native or an introduced species? Noticias de Galápagos 59: 9-11

Roque, 1998

New record of hostplant from monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) from Galápagos Islands Lep. News, 2: 10

Roque-Albelo, 2004

The butterflies (Papilionoidea, Hesperoidea) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador: distribution, hostplants and biology J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 33-43

Rothschild, 1915

On Lepidoptera from the islands of Ceram (Seran), Buru, Bali, and Misol Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 105-144 (2): 209-227

Röber, 1926

Lepidopterologisches Ent. Mitt. 15 (3/4): 226-230 (1 July) (5/6): 372-377 (10 October)

Stoll, [1782]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780) (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781) (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)

Stoll, [1790]

Aanhangsel van het Werk, de Uitlandsche Kapellen Aanhaangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (1): 1-42, pl. 1-8 (1787) (2-5): 43-184, pl. 9-42 (1790)

Strand, 1914

Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer und wenig bekannter Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung W. Niepelt Lepid. Niepeltiana (1): 64pp, pl. 1-12

Talbot, 1943

Revisional notes on the genus Danaus Kluk (Lep. Rhop. Danaidae) Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 (1): 115-148

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.