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All	Iophanus	Athamanthia	Lycaena	(lycaena)	(lycaena)
	Callophrys	Cupido	Lycaena	(lycaena)
Photo	Curetis	Heliophorus			(lycaena)
Goto:

Lycaena Fabricius, 1807

Lycaena Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 285, TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus
Lycia Sodoffsky, 1837; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 10 (6): 81 (unj. repl. for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807), TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 137]

Heodes Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 63, TS: Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 137]

Chysoptera Zincken, 1817; Allgem. Lit. Ztg, Halle 1817 (3): 75, TS: Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 137]

Migonitis Sodoffsky, 1837; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 10 (6): 82 (repl. for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807, preocc. Migonitis Rafinesque, 1815, Migonitis Hübner, 1816), TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 137]

Tharsalea Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3: 125, TS: Polyommatus arota Boisduval

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Gaeides Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3: 126, TS: Chrysophanus dione Scudder

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Chalceria Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3: 125, TS: Chrysophanus rubidus Behr

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Epidemia Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3: 127, TS: Polyommatus epixanthe Boisduval & Leconte

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Rumicia Tutt, 1906; Ent. Rec. 18: 131, TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Loweia Tutt, 1906

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Hyrcanana Bethune-Baker, 1914; Ent. Rec. 26: 135, TS: Polyommatus caspius Lederer
Thersamonia Verity, 1919; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 31: 28, TS: Papilio thersamon Esper

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934; (repl. name)

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Helleia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 20, 48, TS: Papilio helle Denis & Schiffermüller

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Sarthusia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 20, TS: Polyommatus sarthus Staudinger
Disparia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21, 58 (preocc. Nagano, 1916), TS: Papilio dispar Haworth

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21, TS: Polyommatus margelanica Staudinger [Polyommatus phoenicurus, Lederer, misid. type]
Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 23, 64, TS: Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1934; Ent. Rec. 46 (5), Suppl.: (13) nota [invalid]
Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 69: 225, TS: Papilio dispar Haworth
Hermelycaena Miller & Brown, 1978

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Hyllolycaena Miller & Brown, 1979

= ; [NL4A, 138]

?Chrysophanus Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 56, TS: Papilio hyllus Cramer
Hellolycaena Koçak, 1983

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Lycaena, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Chrysoptera ; Tutt, 1906, (missp.) Hircanana ; (missp.) Thersamonolycaena ; (spell.?) Lycaena ; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 102 Thersamonolycaena (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 125 (missp.?)]

Phoenicurusia (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 130] Hyrcanana (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 135] Thersamonia (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 127] Lycaena (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 123] Lycaena (Lycaeninae) ; [BK, 212]; [NL4A, 137]; [AfrL]

The "grouping" here is not based on any scientific principles, it's a guesswork based on how different taxa have been assigned to different genera before they were combined into Lycaena. --msa

Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)

EU, NAF, AM, Temperate Asia, Japan, Abyssinia, NA. See [About maps] Pikkukultasiipi Small Copper Common Copper American Copper Liten guldvinge Gyllenvinge Kleiner Feuerfalter Le Bronzé Manto bicolor Czerwończyk żarek
Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761; Fauna Suecica (Edn 2): 285, TL: C. Sweden
timeus (Cramer, 1777)
virgaureae (Fourcroy, 1785)
eleus (Fabricius, 1798)
aestivus Zeller, 1847
turcicus Gerhard, 1850
Lycaena phlaeas, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Lycaena phlaeas, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena phlaeas, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena phlaeas, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena phlaeas, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Lycaena phlaeas, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena phlaeas, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena phlaeas, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Lycaena phleas ; [BIR, 301]
Lycaena phlaeas ; [BARU, #343]; [NACL, #4251]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 39, 40]; [MRS, 663]; [BRU2: 123, pl. 57, f. 7-39]; [Opler]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]

646x554 (~56Kb) SPAIN: Teneriffa, 1-5.4.1996, Photo © Valentina Anderson	512x425 (~32Kb) SPAIN: Teneriffa, 1-5.4.1996, Photo © Valentina Anderson	500x450 (~58Kb) West Down, Devon, UK 12/06/92, Photo © Simon Coombes
450x381 (~26Kb) upperside France, Bretagne (Brittany), Bois De Lorge, 9 July 1997, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x439 (~26Kb) upperside Finland, Tampere, Rusko, 6820:339, 11.8.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x581 (~50Kb) underside Finland, Kangasala, Savo, 6815:338, 18.8.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen
512x768 (~54Kb) upperside Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Oetisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 26.07.1998 (sucking on Origanum vulgare), Photo © Karl Hofsäß	512x768 (~47Kb) underside Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Oetisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 26.07.1998 (sucking on Origanum vulgare), Photo © Karl Hofsäß	identification uncertain 800x708 (~111Kb) upperside Ukraine, Ivano Frankovsk, near Kalush, Stankova, 24.10.2001, Photo © Erich Mangl
435x290 (~23Kb) Netherlands, Middenduin, Overdeen, May 2003, Photo © Peter Groenendijk	444x518 (~27Kb) A floweer clump, Chihaya-akasaka-mura, Minami-kawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. 3th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	450x298 (~21Kb)

Larva on Rumex, R. longifolius, R. crispus, R. acetosa [SPRK]

Larva on Rumex acetosella, R. crispus, Oxyria digyna [NAB]

Larva on Rumex nepalensis [BIR]

L. p. phlaeas

EU, W.Siberia, Caucasus, Transcaucasia Hesperia phlaeas f. eleus Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.):, TL: Germany
Lycaena phlaeas f. caerulopunctata Rühl, 1895; in Heyne, Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte 1 : 218, TL: C.Asia
Chrysophanus phlaeas ab. oberthuri Blachier, 1908; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 77: 217, pl. 4, f. 7, TL: (Morocco)
Lycaena phlaeas phlaeas ; [BMAT: 29, pl. 10, f. 1-11]

600x435 (~34Kb) upperside Morocco, Itzer, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

600x435 (~30Kb) underside Morocco, Itzer, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

f. caeruleopunctata

448x396 (~28Kb) UK, W. SUFFOLK, Icklingham, King's Forest, GRID TL 7945 7330, 23.5.2004, Photo © Jonathan P. Tyler

Larva on Rumex thyrsoideus, R. papilio, R. vesicarius, R. tingitanus, R. acetosa, R. acetosella, Polygonum sp. [BMAT]

L. p. hypophlaeas (Boisduval, 1852)

Altai, S.Siberia, Amur, N.Ussuri hypophlaeas (Boisduval, 1852); Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 291
?hyperborea Ford, 1924
Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Heodes hypophleas[sic] ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41
Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas ; [NACL, #4251b]; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]

Larva on Oxyria digyna Ballmer & Pratt, 1989, J. Lep. Soc. 43 (1): 59

L. p. chinensis (Felder, 1862)

S.Ussuri matsumurana (Bryk, 1946)
Lycaena phlaeas chinensis ; [BARU, (note)]; [MRS, 663]; [BRU2, 124]

L. p. flavens (Ford)

Lycaena phlaeas flavens ; [MRS, 663]

L. p. ethiopica (Poulton, 1922)

SW.Uganda (Ruwenzori Mts) Lycaena phlaeas ethiopica ; [BAFR, 525]; [AfrL]

L. p. pseudophlaeas (Lucas, 1866)

Uganda, Ethiopia Lycaena phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [BAFR, 525]; [MRS, 663]
Lycanea phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [BK, 213 (note)]
Lycaena phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [AfrL]

L. p. coccinea (Ford)

Lycaena phlaeas coccinea ; [MRS, 663]

L. p. daimio (Seitz, [1909])

S.Kuriles, Sakhalin kurilensis (Matsumura, 1928)
kuriliphlaeas (Bryk, 1942)
Lycaena phlaeas daimio ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]

L. p. kamtschatica P. Gorbunov, 1994?

Kamchatka Peninsula Lycaena phlaeas kamtschatica P. Gorbunov, 1994?; [BARU, page?], TL: Kamchatka, Ganal'skaya Tundra

L. p. oxiana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)

Kopet-Dagh, Alai, Ghissar-Darvaz, Tian-Shan turanica Heyne, 1895
naruena Courvoisier, 1911
coccineus Ford, 1924
Lycaena phlaeas oxiana ; [BRU2, 123]; [Oleg Kosterin]

533x400 (~65Kb) upperside male A bank of the Shirkent River in its lower flow several km upstream of the kishlak Shirkent, the southern principal slope of the Ghissar mountain range, the Pamiro-Alai Mts., Tursun-Zade Province, Tadjikistan. 7th May 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. p. comedarum (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)

E.Pamirs Lycaena phlaeas comedarum ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. stygiana Butler, 1880

W.Pamirs Lycaena phlaeas stygiana ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. polaris (Courvoisier, 1911)

N.Urals, N.Siberia, Chukotka Lycaena phlaeas polaris ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. ganalica Gorbunov, 1995

Kamchatka Lycaena phlaeas ganalica ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. americana Harris, 1862

fasciata (Strecker, 1878)
fulliolus (Hulst, 1886)
bacchus (Scudder, 1889)
obliterata (Scudder, 1889)
adrienne (Maynard, 1891)
caeca (Reiff, 1913)
obsoleta Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; (missp.)
octomaculata (Dean, 1918)
banksi Watson & W. P. Comstock, 1920²
neui (Rummel, 1928)
fulvus (Rummel, 1928)
Lycaena phlaeas americana ; [NACL, #4251a]
Lycaena hypophlaeas ; auth., not Boisduval, 1852

431x324 (~21Kb) female Chelsea, Michigan, USA, May 2004, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

L. p. arethusa (Wolley-Dod, 1907)

Lycaena phlaeas arethusa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena phlaeas arethusa ; [NACL, #4251c]

L. p. arctodon Ferris, 1977

Lycaena phlaeas arctodon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena phlaeas arctodon ; [NACL, #4251d]

L. p. feildeni (McLachlan, 1878)

phlaeas feildeni (McLachlan, 1878); J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 14: 111
Heodes hypophleas fieldeni ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41 (missp.)
Lycaena phlaeas feildeni ; [NACL, #4251e]

L. p. abbottii (Holland, 1892)

Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi Lycaena abotti ; [EBW]
Lycaena phlaeas abbotti ; [BAFR, 525]; [BK: 213, pl. 21, f. 274]
Lycaena phlaeas abbottii ; [AfrL]

L. p. shima Gabriel, 1954

Arabia Lycaena phlaeas shima ; [BAFR, 525]; [BK, 213 (note)]; [AfrL]

Lycaena helle ([Schiffermüller], 1775)

CEU, NEU, Russia, Siberia, Amurland, Dzhungarsky Alatau. See [About maps] Luhtakultasiipi Violet Copper Anilinvinge Czerwończyk fioletek
Papilio helle [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 181
amphidamas (Esper, 1780)
Lycaena helle, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena helle, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena helle, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena helle, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena helle, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Helleia helle ; [MRS, 662]
Lycaena helle ; [BARU, #342]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 37]; [BRU2: 123, pl. 57, f. 1-6]; [Otakar Kudrna]

650x654 (~39Kb) female FINLAND: Ks: Kuusamo Liikasenvaara, 736:61, 9.7.1998, Photo © Markku Savela

500x626 (~29Kb) male FINLAND: Ks: Kuusamo Liikasenvaara, 736:61, 9.7.1998, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonum viviparum, (in Finland) [SPRK] Rumex aquaticus, R. acetosa, Polygonum amphibium, P. bistorta [BARU]

L. h. helle

CEU, NEU, Caucasus Major Lycaena helle helle ; [BRU2, 123]

L. h. phintonis (Fruhstorfer, 1910)

Siberia, Amurland Lycaena helle phintonis ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 123]

427x600 (~93Kb) upperside underside Russia, N.Tuva, Khorumnug-Taiga Mts., h=1200 06.2002, Photo © D. Smirnov

Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978

Afghanistan. See [About maps] Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978; Atalanta 9 (1): 115

Lycaena evansii (de Nicéville, 1902)

Kashmir, Chitral. See [About maps] Chrysophanus evansii de Nicéville, 1902; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14 (2): 249
Lycaena evansi ; [EBW]

Lycaena standfussi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)

Tibet - W.China. See [About maps] Polyommatus standfussi Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4): 450
Lycaena standfussi ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 8]

L. s. subbrunnea (South, 1913)

Chrysophanus subbrunnea South, 1913; J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 22 (3): 607
Lycaena standfussi subbrunnea ; Huang, 2001

Lycaena susanus (Swinhoe, 1889)

Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan. See [About maps] Chrysophanus susanus Swinhoe, 1889; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1889 (4): 397

Lycaena kasyapa (Moore, 1865)

W.Himalayas, Kashmir, NW.India, Chitral - Mussoorie. See [About maps] Green Copper
Chrysophanus kasyapa Moore, 1865; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2): 506, pl. 31, f. 10
Lycaena kasyapa ; [BIR, 301]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 16]

Lycaena zariaspa (Moore, 1874)

W.Himalayas, Kashmir, NW.India. See [About maps] Chrysophanus zariaspa Moore, 1874; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1): 271

Lycaena pang (Oberthür, 1886)

Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus pang Oberthür, 1886; : 12
Lycaena pang ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 9]

Lycaena tseng (Oberthür, 1886)

N.Burma - W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus tseng Oberthür, 1886; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 (Bull. 1886): 13
Lycaena tseng ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 10]

Lycaena ouang (Oberthür, 1891)

Yunnan. See [About maps] Chrysophanus ouang Oberthür, 1891; Etud. Ent. 15: 17, pl. 2, f. 19, TL: Tsekou, NW. Yunnan
Lycaena ouang ; [EBW, (name)]; Huang, 2001, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 51: 75 (note), pl. 3, f. 24

L. o. nujiangensis Huang, 2001

Lycaena ouang nujiangensis Huang, 2001; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 51: 75, pl. 3, f. 20, pl. 4, f. 25, TL: Gamagou

Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932

S.Tibet. See [About maps] Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 697
Lycaena irmae ; [EBW, (name)]

Lycaena li (Oberthür, 1886)

W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus li Oberthür, 1886; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 (Bull. 1886): 22
Lycaena li ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 5, 6]
Helleia li ; [MRS, 662]

Lycaena svenhedini (Nordström, 1935)

China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus svenhedini Nordström, 1935; Ark. Zool. 27A (7): 30

Lycaena pavana (Kollar, [1844])

W.Himalayas, Kashmir - Kumaon, NW.India. See [About maps] White-bordered Copper
Polyommatus pavana Kollar, [1844]; in Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4 (2): 416, pl. 5, f. 5-6
Lycaena pavana ?Horsfield; [BIR, 301 (is not Nacaduba pavana Horsfield)]
Lycaena pavana ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 17]

Lycaena orus (Stoll, [1780])

Cape. See [About maps] Sorrel Copper
Papilio orus Stoll, [1780]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 84, pl. 332, f. E, F
Lycaena orus ; [EBW]; [BAFR, 525]; [AfrL]

Larva on Polygonum undulatum, Rumex ecklonianus? [PBSA]

Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971

Cape, Transkei, Transvaal. See [About maps] Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971; in Clark & Dickson, Life Histories of the South Africa Lycaenid Butterflies: 7-10
Lycaena orus f. clarki ; [BAFR, 525]
Lycaena clarki ; [EBW]; [AfrL]

Larva on Rumex spp., Rumex ecklonianus [PBSA]

Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802)

. See [About maps] Isokultasiipi Large Copper Dukatvinge Großer Feuerfalter Czerwończyk nieparek
Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802; Prodr. Lep. Brit.: 3, nota, TL: England
Lycaena dispar, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena dispar, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena dispar, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Thersamonia dispar ;
Thersamolycaena dispar ; [BARU, #346]
Thersamonolycaena dispar ; [BRU2: 125, pl. 58, f. 7-12]
Lycaena dispar ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 36, 38]; [MRS, 663]; [Otarkar Kudrna]

597x400 (~64Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	594x400 (~45Kb) upperside male Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	470x364 (~80Kb) upperside male Czech Republic, Blansko, 4.7.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý
470x434 (~85Kb) underside Czech Republic, Blansko, 4.VII.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý	470x319 (~89Kb) upperside female Czech Republic, Blansko, 17.7.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý

Larva on Rumex hydrolapathum, R. aquaticus [SPRK], R. confertus, (etc.) [BARU] Rumex acetosa [BRU2, 126]

L. d. dispar

England (extinct) Thersamonolycaena dispar dispar; [BRU2, 126]

L. d. rutila (Werneberg, 1864)

Europe, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, N.Tien-Shan, W.Tien-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Ghissar Thersamolycaena dispar rutila ; [Oleg Kosterin]
Thersamonolycaena dispar rutila ; [BRU2, 126]

533x400 (~47Kb) upperside female The Black Sea coast at the settlement Yuzhnyaya Ozereevka near Novorossiysk, Novorossiysk District, Krasnodarskii Krai Province, Russia. 2nd June 1990, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. d. festiva Krulikowsky, 1909

Ural, W.Siberia Thersamolycaena dispar festiva ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar festiva ; [BRU2, 126]

457x400 (~41Kb) underside female The Irtysh River left bank floodland within the Omsk City, West Siberia, Russia. 27th August 1996 (on Inula salicina L.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. d. dahurica (Graeser, 1888)

Transbaikalia, W.Amur Polyommatus dahurica Graeser, 1888; Berl. Ent. Ztg. 32: 75
Thersamolycaena dispar dahurica ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar dahurica ; [BRU2, 126]

L. d. aurata Leech, 1887

C.Siberia, E.Amur, Ussuri Polyommatus borodowskyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1899; Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb., 4: 459
parvus (Kurentzov, 1941)
Lycaena dispar borodowskyi; [MRS], TL: 663;#
Thersamolycaena dispar aurata ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar aurata ; [BRU2, 126]
Lycaena dispar aurata ; [MRS, 663]

533x400 (~36Kb) underside female A road crossing a woody (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) brook valley between the villages Budyumkan and Uryupino 5-7 km of the former, Gazimurskozavodskoi District, E Chita Province, E Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 25th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Lycaena violaceus (Staudinger, 1892)

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, N.China. See [About maps] Polyommatus violaceus Staudinger, 1892; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris, 5: 315, TL: Kentei [Malakhanskiy mountain range, Kudara-Somon]
Thersamolycaena violaceus ; [BARU, #345]
Thersamonolycaena violacea ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 4-6]

Misidentified/misapplied:

splendens; auct.

533x400 (~42Kb) upperside male A rocky southern slope of a piedmont hill of the mountain Gydyrgun on the northern bank of Lake Zun-Torei, Onon District, SE Chita Province (Dahuria), Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 13th July 1996, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Rheum rhabarbarum [BRU2, 126]

L. v. violaceus

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia Thersamonolycaena violacea violacea ; [BRU2, 126]

Lycaena splendens (Staudinger, 1881)

Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Polyommatus splendens Staudinger, 1881; Stett. ent. Ztg 42: 280, TL: Lepsa [Lepsy Valley near Cherkasskoe, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Kazakhstan]
Lycaena splendens ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 7]
Thersamonolycaena splendens ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 1-3]

Lycaena alciphron (Rottenburg, 1775)

SEU, CEU, Asia Minor, Iran, W.Sibera, Altai, E.Kazakhstan, Zabaikalye, Mongolia, N.Sikhote-Alin. See [About maps] Purple-shot Copper Violetter Feuerfalter Manto de Purporo Czerwończyk zamgleniec
Papilio alciphron Rottenburg, 1775; : 11, TL: Berlin
virgaurea (Hufnagel, 1766); (preocc.)
lampetie ([Schiffermüller], 1775)
hipponoe (Esper, [1778])
hiere (Fabricius, 1787)
Heodes alciphron, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Lycaena alciphron, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena alciphron, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena alciphron, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena alciphron, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes alciphron ; [BARU, #347]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 24]
Thersamonolycaena alciphron ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 13-21]
Lycaena alciphron ; [MRS, 664]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x397 (~63Kb) underside Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	533x400 (~57Kb) upperside male A valley meadow at the Shadrikha Rivulet at the village Mel'nichikha, Novosibirsk District and Province, West Siberia, Russia. 17th May 1993, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	664x585 (~87Kb) upperside male Russia, Moscow area, 11.06.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov
745x604 (~87Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 11.06.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Rumex [R&H], Rumex acetosa, (etc.) [BARU] Rumex confertus, (C.Russia) [BRU2, 127]

L. a. alciphron

CEU, SEU, SW.Siberia, Altais, Sayan Thersamonolycaena alciphron alciphron
Thersamonolycaena alciphron alciphron ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. melibea Staudinger, 1878²

Caucasus, Transcaucasia Chrysophanus frugina Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4): 17, TL: Armenia
Thersamonolycaena alciphron melibea ; [BRU2, 126]

Larva on Rumex alpestris [BRU2, 127]

L. a. naryna (Oberthür, 1910)

N.Tian-Shan, Inner Tian-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau Polyommatus naryna Oberthür, 1910; Etud. Lépid. Comp. 4 (1): 115 [?? Naryn != Algeria?], TL: Fort Naryne?
Thersamonolycaena alciphron naryna ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. heracleana (Blachier, 1908)

Morocco (Toubkal Massif, Dj.Siroua) Chrysophanus alciphron var. heracleana Blachier, 1908; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 77: 217, TL: Atlas Mounains (Morocco)
Heodes alciphron heracleana ; [BMAT: 29, pl. 10, f. 12-15]
Heodes alciphron heracleanus ;

600x435 (~55Kb) upperside Morocco, Djebel Siroua, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Rumex scutatus, R. acetosa [BMAT]

L. a. acutipennis Chou & Zhang, 1994

Xinjiang Lycaena alciphron acutipennis Chou & Zhang, 1994; in Chou, Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium 1-2: 771, 664, f. 73, TL: Xinjiang

L. a. rubida Korshunov, 1977²

Transbaikalia Heodes alciphron rubidus; [BARU]
Heodes alciphron rubidus, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Thersamonolycaena alciphron rubida ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. chairemon (Fruhstorfer, 1917)

Carpathians Chrysophanus chairemon Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4): 16
Thersamonolycaena alciphron chairemon ; [BRU2, 127]

Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961

W.Pmairs (Shugnansky, Ishkashimsky Mts.), Afghanistan. See [About maps] Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 17, TL: Bala-Quran, Anjuman Valley, Hindu Kush Mts., 14300ft, Afghanistan
Thersamonia aeolus ;
Thersamonolycaena aeolus ; [BRU2: 127, pl. 57, f. 40-42]

Lycaena aeolides (Churkin, 1999)

Ghissar. See [About maps] Thersamonolycaena aeolides Churkin, 1999; Atalanta 29 (1/4): 125, pl. IVb, f. 1, TL: Ghissar, Fanskie Mts.
Thersamonolycaena aeolides ; [BRU2: 127, pl. 57, f. 43-45]

Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784])

it, SEEU, Asia Minor, W.Asia, Iraq, Iran, N.Altai, ?Mongolia, NW.China. See [About maps] Lesser Fiery Copper
Papilio thersamon Esper, [1784]; Die Schmett. 1 (2): 176, pl. 89, f. 6, TL: Sarepta, Südrussland
Papilio hyllus Cramer, 1775; (preocc.)
omphale (Klug, 1834)
hylla (Koçak, 1983); (preocc.)
Lycaena thersamon, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Thersamonia thersamon, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena thersamon, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Thersamonia thersamon ; [BARU, #344]; [EBW]; [BMAT: 106 (Oberthür 1915)]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3]; [BRU2: 127, pl. 59, f. 1-12]
Lycaena thersamon ; [MRS, 663]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x398 (~97Kb) upperside Hisaronu limani, SW Turkey 18/04/95, Photo © Simon Coombes

500x444 (~68Kb) underside Hisaronu limani, SW Turkey 18/04/95, Photo © Simon Coombes

Larva on Rumex, Polygonum aviculare, Bistorta major, Atraphaxis laetevirens, Limonium gmelinii [BRU2, 128], Sarothamnus [H&R], Caragana frutex, Lycium ruthernicum [BARU]

L. t. persica (Bienert, [1870])

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar Polyommatus persica Bienert, [1870]; Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 28, TL: Persia
Thersamonia thersamon persica ; [BRU2, 127]

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905)

Morocco. See [About maps] Moroccan Copper
Chrysophanus phoebus Blachier, 1905; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1905: 212, TL: Atlas Mountains (Morocco)
Chrysophanus phoebus ab. aurata D. Lucas, 1937; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 42: 233, TL: Marrakech (Morocco)
Lycaena phoebus, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Thersamonia phoebus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3 (text only)]; [BMAT, 29, pl. 10, f. 16-21]

600x435 (~36Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~33Kb) underside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre	600x435 (~38Kb) Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
600x435 (~44Kb) underside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

Larva on Polygonum equisetiforme, P. aviculare? [BMAT]

Lycaena kurdistanica Riley, 1921²

Armenia (highland), NE.Turkey, W.Iran. See [About maps] kurdistanica Riley, 1921²; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8: 598, TL: Harir, Karind Gorge; Kermanshah
Thersamonia kurdistanica ; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 13-15]

Lycaena ochimus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])

Transcaucasia, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon. See [About maps] Polyommatus ochimus Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (49): (ii) f. 523-526, TL: Kleinasien
Polyommatus ochimus Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6 (55): 31
phaeton Freyer, [1850]²; (preocc.)
kefersteini Gerhard, [1850]²; (nom. nud.)
Heodes ochimus ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 34]
Thersamonia ochimus ; [EBW]; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 19-21]

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

L. o. ochimus

Armenia (highland) Thersamonia ochimus ochimus
Thersamonia ochimus ochimus ; [BRU2, 128]

L. o. ocliferius (Nekrutenko, 1977)

Caucasus Minor Thersamonia ochimus ocliferius Nekrutenko, 1977
Thersamonia ochimus ocliferius ; [BRU2, 128]

L. o. sachandensis (Schurian & Hoffmann, 1982)

Talysh Mts. Thersamonia ochimus sachandensis Schurian & Hoffmann, 1982
Thersamonia ochimun sachandensis ; [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena asabinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])

Lebanon - Turkey - Transcaucasia, Iran, Armenia. See [About maps] Polyommatus asabinus Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (49): (ii) pl. 109, f. 527-528, TL: Amasya, Turkey
?Polyommatus asabinus Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6 (55): 32
Thersamonia asabinus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3 (text only)]; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 22-24]

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834

Greece, Asia Minor - Armenia (highlands), Iraq, Iran, Baluchistan, Chitral, Ladak. See [About maps] Fiery Copper Golden Copper
Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834; in Ehrenberg, Symbolae phys., Ins. 4: pl. 40, f. 17-18, TL: Syria
Polyommatus ignitus Herrich-Schäffer, [1846]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (14): (ii) f. 332
Chrysophanus caudatus Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 73
Thersamonia thetis ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 4]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 25-27]
Lycaena thetis ; [BIR, 302]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Acantholimon spp., (Armenia) [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena lampon Lederer, [1870]²

Kopet-Dagh, SE.Turkey, Iran. See [About maps] lampon Lederer, [1870]²; Hor. Soc. ent. ross. 8 (1): 8, TL: Gebirge Lendakuh; Hadschyabad
lamponides Staudinger, 1901²
Heodes lampon ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 35 (text)]
Thersamonia lampon ; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 4 (text)]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 28-30]

Larva on Acantholimon erinaceum, A. pulchellum [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena alaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)

Pamirs-Alai, S.Ghissar, NE.Afghanistan?. See [About maps] Polyommatus alaica Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Rossicae, 22: 305, TL: Alai [Malyi Karamyk River, sothern slope o fthe Alai Mts. near Daraut-Kurgan, Kirghizia]
Lycaena thersamon alaica ; [MRS, 663]
Thersamonia alaica ; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 16-18]

Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874

Pamirs-Alai, Ghissar-Darvaz, Tian-Shan, Kashmir, Samarkand. See [About maps] Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874; Mém. Soc. amis Sci. nat Moscou 11 (2): 8, pl. 1, f. 7, TL: Maracanda [Uzbekistan]
Heodes solskyi ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 34, pl. 206, f. 1]
Lycaena solskyi ; [MRS, 664]
Thersamonia solskyi ; [EBW, (name)]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 31-36]

Larva on Acantholimon laxum, (Talassky Alatau Mts.) [BRU2, 129]

L. s. solskyi

Ghissarsky, Turkestansky, Zeravshansky Mts. Thersamonia solskyi solskyi
Thersamonia solskyi solskyi ; [BRU2, 129]

L. s. fulminans (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)

Zaalaisky Mts, Tian-Shan, Alai, Darvaz Lycaena solskyi fulminans ; [MRS, 664]
Thersamonia solskyi fulminans ; [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena alpherakyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1888²

E.Pamirs, NW.China. See [About maps] alpherakyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1888²; Horae Soc. ent. Rossicae, 22: 305, TL: Hindukush orient.
Thersamonia solskyi alpherakyi ;
Thersamonia alpherakyi ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 59, f. 37-39]

Larva on Acantholimon pamiricum [BRU2, 130]

Lycaena aditya Moore, [1875]²

W.Pamirs, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N.India. See [About maps] aditya Moore, [1875]²; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4): 571, pl. 66, f. 1, TL: Dros valey, Ladak [N.Pakistan]
Thersamonia aditya ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 59, f. 40-42]

Lycaena hyrcana (Neuburger, 1903)

N.Iran - C.Asia. See [About maps] Chrysophanus hyrcana Neuburger, 1903; : 59

Lycaena margelanica (Staudinger, 1881)

S.Tajikistan - N.Tien-Shan. See [About maps] Polyommatus margelanica Staudinger, 1881; Stett. ent. Ztg 42: 282, TL: Margelan [northern slope of Alaisky Mts., Kirghizia]
phoenicurus margelanica ;
Phoenicurusia margelanica ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 60, f. 16-24]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Polyommatus phoenicurus; Verity, 1943, Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21

Larva on Atraphaxis frutescens, A. pyrifolia [BRU2, 131]

L. m. margelanica

Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Tien-Shan, W.Pamir Phoenicurusia margelanica margelanica
Phoenicurusia margelanica margelanica ; [BRU2, 130]

L. m. legezini (Zhdanko, 1999)

S.Ghissar, Babatag, Karatau, Teriklitau, Rangontau Phoenicurusia margelanica legezini Zhdanko, 1999
Phoenicurusia margelanica legezini ; [BRU2, 130]

L. m. nigra (Zhdanko, 1999)

Zailiisky Alatau, Lake Issyk-Kul (mountains around) Phoenicurusia margelanica nigra Zhdanko, 1999
Phoenicurusia margelanica nigra ; [BRU2, 131]

Lycaena caspius (Lederer, 1869)

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar?, N.Iran, Afghanistan?. See [About maps] Polyommatus caspius Lederer, 1869; Hor. Soc. ent. ross. 6 (2): 76, pl. 4, f. 3, TL: Astrabad [Gorgan, N.Iran]
?Polyommatus transiens Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (7-9): 201

= ; [BRU2, 135 (?)]

?Lycaena afghana Howarth & Povolny, 1976; Èas. morav. Mus. Brn. 61: 150

= ; [BRU2, 135 (?)]

Lycaena caspius ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4]
Hyrcanana caspius ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 30-32]

L. c. caspius

Kopet-Dagh Hyrcanana caspius caspius
Hyrcanana caspius caspius ; [BRU2, 135]

Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar-Darvaz. See [About maps] Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933; Entomologist 66: 278 (repl. caudatus Staudinger, 1901), TL: [Karateginsky Mts., Tajikistan]
Chrysophanus sarthus var. caudatus Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 75 (preocc.), TL: Buch.[ara] s.[eptentrionalis] or.[ientalis] (Karategin)
Hyrcanana ophion ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 33-35, 42-44]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 135]

L. o. ophion

Ghissar-Darvaz Hyrcanana ophion ophion
Hyrcanana ophion ophion ; [BRU2, 135]

L. o. meridianalis (Shchetkin, 1963)

Hyrcanana ophion meridianalis Shchetkin, 1963; , TL: Khozratishoh Mts.
Hyrcanana ophion meridianalis ; [BRU2, 135]

Lycaena sartha (Staudinger, 1886)

Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, NE.Afghanistan. See [About maps] Polyommatus sarthus Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (7-9): 202, TL: Südlichen Alai-Gebirgen wohl bei Kara-Kasuk
Lycaena sarthus ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4 (text)]
Hyrcanana sartha ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 39-41]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena pamira (Nekrutenko, 1983)

W.Pamirs. See [About maps] Hyrcanana pamira Nekrutenko, 1983; Vestnik zool. 1983 (3): 12, f. 4, TL: [Nyut, Ishakshimsky Mts., SW.Pamirs, Tajikistan]
Hyrcanana pamira ; [BRU2: 136, pl. 61, f. 45-47]

Larva on Polygonum paronychoides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena sultan (Lang, 1884)

W.Ghissar (Zeravshansky, Ghissarsky, Baisuntau, Fanskie). See [About maps] Polyommatus sultan Lang, 1884; Rhopalocera Europa Descripta et Delineata: 368
Polyommatus sultan Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (7-9): 202 (preocc.)
?Chrysophanus sultani Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 75
Lycaena sultan ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4 (text)]
Hyrcanana sultan ; [BRU2: 136, pl. 61, f. 36-38]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852)

California. See [About maps] Tailed Copper
Polyommatus arota Boisduval, 1852; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 293
Lycaena arota arota, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena arota arota, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena arota, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Tharsalea arota ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 40; [NACL, #4250]
Lycaena arota ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 40]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1063]

Larva on Ribes [NAB]

L. a. virginiensis Edwards, 1870²

California, Nevada, Colorado arota virginiensis Edwards, 1870²
virginiensis Edwards, 1870²; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 21
Lycaena arota virginiensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tharsalea virginiensis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 40
Tharsalea arota virginiensis ; [NACL, #4250a]

L. a. nubila (Comstock, 1926)

California arota nubila (Comstock, 1926) (Tharsalea); , TL: California
Tharsalea arota nubila ; [NACL, #4250b]
Lycaena arota nubila ; [NL4A, #1063a]

L. a. schellbachi (Tilden, 1955)

Schellbach's Copper
Tharsalea arota schellbachi Tilden, 1955; Bull. Southern Calif. Acad. Sci. 54 (2): (67-77), TL: North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Lycaena arota schellbachi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tharsalea arota schellbachi ; [NACL, #4250c]

Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852)

California. See [About maps] Great Gray Copper
Polyommatus xanthoides Boisduval, 1852; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 292, TL: California
Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena xanthoides, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides xanthoides ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 40; [NACL, #4253]
Lycaena xanthoides ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 5]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1064]

Larva on Rumex hymenosepalus, R. conglomeratus, R. crispus, R. obstusifolia [NAB]

L. x. xanthoides

California xanthoides luctuosa (Watson & Comstock, 1920) (Heodes); , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #1064a]

Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides ; [NL4A, #1064a]

L. x. obsolescens Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California

Lycaena editha Mead, 1878²

Nevada. See [About maps] Edith's Copper
editha Mead, 1878²; Can. Ent. 10: 198
vanduzeei Gunder, 1927²
Lycaena editha editha, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena editha, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides editha ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 40; [NACL, #4254]
Lycaena editha ; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 5 (text only)]; [Opler]

Larva on Horkelia fusca, Horkelia tenuiloba, Rumex, Potentilla [NAB]

L. e. montana Field, 1936²

editha montana Field, 1936²
meadi Field, 1936²; (female)
Gaeides editha montana Field, 1936; [NACL, #4254a]

Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852)

California, Nevada. See [About maps] Gorgon Copper
Polyommatus gorgon Boisduval, 1852; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 292, TL: California
Lycaena gorgon gorgon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena gorgon gorgon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena gorgon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides gorgon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 40; [NACL, #4255]
Lycaena gorgon ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 41]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1065]

Larva on Eriogonum elongatum, E. nudum [NAB]

L. g. micropunctata Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena gorgon micropunctata, Butterflies of America [BOA]

Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, [1775])

ENA, Colorado. See [About maps] Bronze Copper
Papilio hyllus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 43, f. B, C
thoe Guérin-Méneville, [1831]²
thoe Boisduval, 1832²; in Guérin-Méneville, Icon. Règne Anim., (Insectes): pl. 56, f. 4
wyatti Gunder, 1927²
wormsbacheri Gunder, 1927²
Lycaena hyllus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena hyllus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chrysophanus thoe ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41
Lycaena thoe ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 3, 4]
Hyllolycaena hyllus ; [NACL, #4256]
Lycaena hyllus ; [Opler]

432x338 (~32Kb) USA: Huron River valley region, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1999, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Rumex crispus, R. obtusifolius, R. longifolius, R. patientia, Polygonum coccineum, P. natans MacLean, 1990, J. Lep. Soc. 44 (1): 33

Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866)

California, Oregon. See [About maps] Ruddy Copper
Chrysophanus rubidus Behr, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6: 208
Lycaena rubidus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chalceria rubidus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41
Chalceria rubida ; [NACL, #4257]
Lycaena rubidus ; [EBW]; [BOW: p. 20, f. 1]; [Opler]

Larva on Rumex hymenosepalus, R. triangularis [NAB]

L. r. duofacies K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²

rubidus duofacies K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²
Chalceria rubida duofacies ; [NACL, #4257a]

L. r. perkinsorum K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²

rubidus perkinsorum K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²
Chalceria rubida perkinsorum ; [NACL, #4257b]

L. r. longi K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²

rubidus longi K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²
Lycaena rubidus longi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubida longi ; [NACL, #4257c]

L. r. sirius Edwards, 1871²

rubidus sirius Edwards, 1871²
sirius Edwards, 1871²; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 270
Lycaena rubidus sirius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubidus sirius ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41
Chalceria rubida sirius ; [NACL, #4257d]

L. r. monachensis K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²

rubidus monachensis K. Johnson & Balogh, 1977²
Lycaena rubidus monachensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubida monachensis ; [NACL, #4257e]

Lycaena ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977²

Arizona. See [About maps] Ferris' Copper
ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977²
Lycaena ferrisi, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chalceria ferrisi ; [NACL, #4258]
Lycaena ferrisi ; [Opler]

Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1858²

Colorado - California. See [About maps] Blue Copper
heteronea Boisduval, 1858²
Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1852; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 298
coloradensis Gunder, 1925²
gravenotata Klots, 1930²
Lycaena heteronea heteronea, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena heteronea, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Cupido heteronea ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 42
Chalceria heteronea ; [NACL, #4259]
Lycaena heteronea ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 43]; [EBW]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1066]

Larva on Eriogonum fasciculatum, E. latifolium, E. umbellatum, E. nudum, E. microthecum [NAB]

L. h. clara H. Edwards, [1880]

California heteronea clara H. Edwards, [1880]; , TL: California
?clara H. Edwards, 1877; Pacif. Coast Lep. 26: ?
Lycaena heteronea clara, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Cupido clara ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 42
Chalceria heteronea clara ; [NACL, #4259a]
Lycaena heteronea clara ; [NL4A, #1066a]

Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte, [1833])

Newfoundland - Kansas. See [About maps] Bog Copper
Polyommatus epixanthe Boisduval & Leconte, [1833]; Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (11-22): 127 (1835), (5/6): pl. 18 (1830), f. 4-5
hypoxanthe Kirby, 1862²
Lycaena epixanthe epixanthe, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena epixanthe, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia epixanthe ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41; [NACL, #4260]
Lycaena epixanthe ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 39]; [Opler]

Larva on Vaccinium macrocarpum [NAB]

L. e. phaedra (Hall, 1924)

epixanthe phaedra (Hall, 1924) (Heodes); Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 32: 111
Epidemia epixanthe phaedra ; [NACL, #4260a]

L. e. michiganensis Rawson, 1948

epixanthe michiganensis Rawson, 1948; J. N.Y. ent. SOc. 56: 59
Lycaena epixanthe michiganensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia epixanthe michiganensis ; [NACL, #4260b]

Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837²

Canada - Maine. See [About maps] Dorcas Copper Cinquefoil Copper
dorcas Kirby, 1837²; in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 299
Polyommatus anthelle Doubleday, 1847; List. Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus 2: 55
Epidemia dorcas ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41; [NACL, #4261]
Lycaena dorcas ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 42 (text only)]; [Opler]

324x432 (~30Kb) underside male Chelsea, Michigan, 3 July 2004, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Potentilla, P. fruticosa [NAB]

L. d. castro Reakirt, 1866²

dorcas castro Reakirt, 1866²
Epidemia dorcas castro ; [NACL, #4261a]

L. d. florus (Edwards, 1883)

Chrysophanus florus Edwards, 1883; Canad. Ent. 15: 210
hulbirti Field, 1936; J. Ent. Zool. 28: 25
Lycaena dorcas florus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas florus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41; [NACL, #4261b]

Misidentified/misapplied:

sternitzkyi Field, 1936; (not Gunder, 1927)

L. d. dospassosi McDunnough, 1940

dorcas dospassosi McDunnough, 1940; Can. ent. 72: 130 (emend.)
Epidemia dorcas dospassosi ; [NACL, #4261c]
Lycaena dospassosi ; [Opler]

L. d. claytoni Brower, 1941

dorcas claytoni Brower, 1941; Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 35: 138
Lycaena dorcas claytoni, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas claytoni ; [NACL, #4261d]

L. d. megaloceras (Ferris, 1977)

Wyoming Epidemia dorcas megaloceras Ferris, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 45: 31, TL: Wyoming
Lycaena dorcas megaloceras, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas megaloceras ; [NACL, #4261e]

L. d. arcticus (Ferris, 1977)

Yukon Epidemia dorcas arcticus Ferris, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 45: 33, TL: Yukon
Lycaena dorcas arcticus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas arcticus ; [NACL, #4261f]

Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852)

NA. See [About maps] Purplish Copper
Polyommatus helloides Boisduval, 1852; Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10: 291, TL: California
(Heodes) tr.f. williamsi Gunder, 1927; Can. Ent. 59: 285, TL: Colorado

= ; [NL4A, #1067]

Lycaena xanthoides tr.f. gunderi Rudkin, 1933; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #1067]

Lycaena sternitzkyi Gunder, 1936:REF#: 26
Lycaena helloides, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena helloides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena helloides, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Lycaena helloides, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia helloides ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 41; [NACL, #4262]
Lycaena helloides ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 42]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1067]

700x885 (~45Kb) underside USA: Tolmie State Park (47°07'23N 122°46'39W), Thurston Co., WA, 12.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	700x597 (~66Kb) underside USA: nr Crystal Mountain / FR9726 (47°13'56N 120°38'25W), Kittitas Co., WA, 11.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x785 (~68Kb) USA: Teanaway, Jungle Creek, (47°20'06N 120°55'21W ±0.5km) Kittitas Co., WA, 21.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
500x546 (~35Kb) male USA: FR 6520 /Johnson Ridge, Mt. Baker Snoqualmie Nat. Forest (47°19'58N 121°42'43W), Snohomish Co., WA, 7.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela	900x1059 (~144Kb) USA: Cabin Mountain, (1408m), (47°14'15N 121°16'27W ~ ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.2006, Photo © Markku Savela	900x1241 (~147Kb) USA: Cabin Mountain, (1408m), (47°14'15N 121°16'27W ~ ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.2006, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonaceae, Rumex, Polygonum, less Potentilla [NAB]

Lycaena nivalis Boisduval, 1869²

Nivalis Copper
nivalis Boisduval, 1869²; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12: 44
ianthe Edwards, 1871²
Lycaena nivalis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena nivalis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia nivalis ; [NACL, #4263]
Lycaena nivalis ; [EBW, (name)]; [Opler]

500x503 (~27Kb) USA: Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'12N 120°56'10W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

600x505 (~48Kb) underside USA: Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'12N 120°56'10W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonum douglasii [NAB]

L. n. browni dos Passos, 1938

Lycaena nivalis browni dos Passos, 1938; Can. Ent. 70: (45-48), TL: Snowslide Canyon, 8mi from Montpelier, ID
Epidemia nivalis browni ; [NACL, #4263a]

Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866)

W.US