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Phalera Hübner, [1819]

Phalera Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (10): 147, TS: Phalaena bucephala Linnaeus
Acrosema Meigen, 1830; Syst. Beschr. eur. Schmett. 3: 24, TS: Phalaena bucephala Linnaeus
Hammatophora Westwood, 1843; in Humphreys & Westwood, Br. Moths, 1: 63, TS: Phalaena bucephala Linnaeus
Anticyra Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 5: 980 (key), 1091 (preocc. Anticyra Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera)), TS: Anticyra combusata Walker
Dinara Walker, 1856; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 7: 1699, TS: Dinara lineolata Walker
Horishachia Matsumura, 1929; Insecta matsum. 4: 39,40, TS: Horishachia infusca Matsumura
Phaleromimus Bryk, 1950; Arkiv för Zoologi, 42 (A) 19: 9, TS: Phaleromimus albocalceolata Bryk
Erconholda Kiriakoff, 1968; in Wytsman, Genera Insectorum 217 (C): 220, TS: Fentonia mangholda Schaus

= ; [MOB4, 37]

Phalaera ; Felder, 1861, (missp.)
Phalera (Notodontinae) ; [AUCL]
Phalera (Phalerinae) ; [NEN50]

Phalera bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758)

EU, AM, AC, E.Asia. See [About maps] Härkäpää Härkäpääkehrääjä Kuututlane Buff-tip Mondvogel Ochsenkopf La Bucéphale La Lunule Porte-écu-jaune Pájaro Luna Oxhuvudspinnare Lindspinnare Måneplet
Phalaena bucephala Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 508
lunula Retzius, 1783
tenebrata Strand, 1903
philonica Stauder, 1923
velata Dannehl, 1925
Phalera bucephala, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Phalera bucephala, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Phalera bucephala, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Phalera bucephala, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Phalera bucephala, UK Moths [Ian Kimber]
Phalera bucephala ; de Freina, 1999, Atalanta 30 (1/4): 218

640x429 (~46Kb) Littleborough, England, 7.6.1998, Photo © Ian Kimber	800x580 (~98Kb) Bromierzyk near Sochaczew, central Poland. August 1998. Photo © Marek Michalski	900x588 (~47Kb) larva Finland, Sipoo 670:39, 12.08.1978, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
544x409 (~62Kb) larva Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schönenberg, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 255m, 17.08.1997, Photo © Karl Hofsäß	723x400 (~52Kb) An open birch forest on the right bank of the Shipunikha Rivulet 1 km upstream of its fall into the Inya River, Novosibirsk District and Province, West Siberia, Russia. 8th June 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	400x575 (~64Kb) Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
400x600 (~44Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	960x1280 (~195Kb) male female Finland: Tarkeelanjärvi, Nummi-Pusula, 8.6.2002, Photo © Suvi Tuomi	955x621 (~72Kb) Belgium, Antwerpen, Hobokense Polder, 18.7.2004, Photo © Toon Verbruggen
900x1185 (~109Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539) 24.7.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	500x632 (~36Kb) larva FINLAND: Siikaneva, Photo © Juha Salokannel	500x498 (~39Kb)

Larva on Betula verrucosa, B. pubescens, Quercus robur, Salix lapponum, S. caprea, S. cinerea, S. phylicifolia, Populus tremula, P. balsamifera, Ulmus sp., Rosa glauca, Tilia cordata, T. platyphylla, Acer platanoides [SPRK]

P. b. infulgens Graeser, 1888

Phalera bucephala infulgens ; [NEN50]

Phalera bucephalina (Staudinger & Rebel, 1901)

es, NAF. See [About maps] Marokonhäränpääkehrääjä
bucephalina (Staudinger & Rebel, 1901); , TL: Morocco, Tanger

Larva on Quercus [BSW]

Phalera bucephaloides (Ochsenheimer, 1810)

SEU, Asia Minor, Syria. See [About maps] Etelänhäränpääkehrääjä La Pygère Bucéphaloide
bucephaloides (Ochsenheimer, 1810); , TL: Austria
Phalera bucephaloides, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]

Larva on Arbutus unedo [BSW], Quercus [EKK]

P. b. bucephaloides

Phalera bucephaloides bucephaloides ; de Freina, 1999, Atalanta 30 (1/4): 218

P. b. syriaca Zerny, 1938

Phalera bucephaloides syriaca ; de Freina, 1999, Atalanta 30 (1/4): 218

Phalera huangtiao Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001

Yunnan, Myanmar, Thailand. See [About maps] Phalera huangtiao Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 50: 93, f. 117, pl. 17, f. 160, TL: Yunnan, 42km N Fugong, 1390m

Phalera wanqu Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001

Sichuan. See [About maps] Phalera wanqu Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 50: 94, f. 118, pl. 17, f. 161, TL: Sichuan, Siao-Lou

Phalera acuta Gaede²

Java. See [About maps] Phalera acuta ; [MOB4, 35 (note)]

Phalera acutoides Holloway, 1983

Borneo, ?Peninsular Malaysia. See [About maps] Phalera acutoides Holloway, 1983; Moths of Borneo, 4: 35, pl. 3, f. 28, TL: Brunei, Ulu Temburong

Phalera eminens Schintlmeister, 1997

Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan. See [About maps] Phalera eminens Schintlmeister, 1997; Entomofauna Supplement 9: 136, TL: N.Vietnam, Fan-si-pan
Phalera eminens ; [NEN50: 94, pl. 18, f. 166]

Phalera albizzae Mell, 1931

China (Hubei, Shaanxi). See [About maps] Phalera albizzae Mell, 1931; Lignan Science J. 9: 379, TL: Guangdong, Lung Tao Shan
Phalera albizzae Mell, 1931; [NEN50: 94, f. 119, pl. 17, f. 164 (neotype)]

Phalera albocalceolata (Bryk, 1950)

Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Yunnan. See [About maps] Phaleromimus albocalceolata Bryk, 1950; Arkiv för Zoologi, 42 (A) 19: 9, pl. 1, f. 3, TL: Burma, Kambaiti
Phalera albocalceolata ; [NEN50: 95, pl. 17, f. 163]

Phalera argenteolepis Schintlmeister, 1997

Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, Yunnan. See [About maps] Phalera argenteolepis Schintlmeister, 1997; Entomofauna Supplement 9: 137, TL: N.Vietnam, Fan-si-pan
Phalera argenteolepis ; [NEN50: 98, pl. 17, f. 162]

Phalera grotei Moore, 1859

India - Sumatra, Borneo. See [About maps] Phalera grotei Moore, 1859; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. Lepid. Insects Mus. Nat. Hist. East India House 2: 434
Phalera sangana birmicola Bryk, 1949

= ; [NEN50]

Phalera cihuai Yang & Lee, 1978

= ; [NEN50]

Phalera birmicola obfuscata Nakamura, 1978

= ; [NEN50]

Phalera grotei ; Holloway, 1982, in Barlow, Intr. Moths of South East Asia. Taxonomic app.: 201; [MOB4: 36, pl. 3, f. 27]; [NEN50]

Phalera sundana Holloway, 1982

Sundaland, Bali, Mindanao. See [About maps] Phalera sundana Holloway, 1982; in Barlow, Intr. Moths of South East Asia. Taxonomic app.: 201
Phalera sundana ; [MOB4: 36, pl. 3, f. 30]

Phalera surigaona Schaus²

Philippines. See [About maps] Phalera surigaona ; [MOB4, 37 (note)]

Phalera cossioides Walker, 1863

Himalaya. See [About maps] Phalera cossioides ; [NEN50, (missp.?)]
Phalera cossoides ; [MOB4, 34 (note) (missp.?)]

Phalera sangana Moore, 1859

Sikkim, Bhutan, China (Yunnan, Hainan). See [About maps] Phalera sangana Moore, 1859; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. Lepid. Insects Mus. Nat. Hist. East India House 2: 433, TL: Sikkim, Darjeeling
Phalera stigmifera Butler, 1880; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 6: 66, TL: Bhutan

= ; [NEN50, 96]

Phalera sangana ; [NEN50: 96, pl. 18, f. 165]

Phalera javana Moore, 1859

Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo. See [About maps] Phalera javana Moore, 1859; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. Lepid. Insects Mus. Nat. Hist. East India House 2: 432

Larva on Canavalia, Mucuna, Vigna [MOB4]

P. j. albifrons (Walker, 1862)

Plusiana albifrons Walker, 1862; J. Proc. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 6: 141
Phalera javana amplificata Gaede, 1930; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 10: 613

= ; [MOB4, 34]

Phalera javana albifrons ; [MOB4: 34, pl. 2, f. 29]

Phalera bobi Swinhoe²

Himalaya. See [About maps] Phalera bobi ; [MOB4, 34 (note)]

Phalera styx Holloway, 1983

Borneo. See [About maps] Phalera styx Holloway, 1983; Moths of Borneo, 4: 37, pl. 3, f. 35, TL: Brunei, Labi

Phalera melantata West

Luzon. See [About maps] Phalera melantata ; [MOB4, 37 (note)]

Phalera erconvalda (Schaus, ?1928)

Philippines (Mindanao). See [About maps] Erconholda erconvalda ; Kiriakoff, 1968, in Wytsman, Genera Insectorum 217 (C): 220
Phalera erconvalda ; [MOB4, 37 (note)]

Phalera banksi Holloway, 1983

Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, ?Borneo. See [About maps] Phalera banksi Holloway, 1983; Moths of Borneo, 4: 38, pl. 3, f. 34, TL: Peninsular Malaysia, Maxwell's Hill

Phalera mangholda (Schaus, 1928)

Philippines (Mindanao). See [About maps] Fentonia mangholda Schaus, 1928; Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 73 (19): 79, TL: Philippines, Mindanao, Surigao and Luzon [Mt Makiling]
Erconholda mangholda ; Kiriakoff, 1968, in Wytsman, Genera Insectorum 217 (C): 220
Phalera mangholda ; [MOB4, 37 (note)]

4.10.2005 (41)

References:

[AUCL]

Nielsen & Rangsi, 1996; Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia; CSIRO, Australia

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BSW]

de Freina, J. J., Witt, T. J, 1987; Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalearktis; ISBN 3-926285-00-1

[EKK]

Sotavalta (Finnish Ed.), Rougeot & Viette; Euroopan ja Pohjois-Afrikan kiitäjät ja kehrääjät (Guide des Papillons Nocturnes)

[GNM2]

Watson, 1980; Generic Names of Moths of the World, Vol. 2; British Museum (Natural History), London 1980

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Ian Kimber]

http://www.ukmoths.force9.co.uk/

[Karl Hofsäß]

Karl Hofsaess; e-mail: Karl Hofsäß

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MOB4]

Holloway, J. D, 1983; The Moths of Borneo, Part 4; Family Nododontidae

[Marek Michalski]

Lodz, Poland; e-mail: Marek Michalski

[Michael Borsch]

Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes

[NEN50]

Alexander Schintlmeister & Fang Cheng Lai, 2001; New and less known Notodontidae from mainland China; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, Band 50

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Pertti Pakkanen]

e-mail: Pertti Pakkanen; Butterfly and moth observations from Finland

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[Toon Verbruggen]

e-mail: Toon Verbruggen; http://users.pandora.be/natuurpuntza/index.htm

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

de Freina, 1999

Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Kleinasiens, Weitere Kenntnisse über Artenspektrum, Systematik und Verbreitung der Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Notodontidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae und Cymatophoridae Atalanta 30 (1/4): 187-257

Hübner, [1819]

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Kiriakoff, 1968

Lepidoptera, Familia Notodontidae, pars tertia, Genera Indo-Australica in Wytsman, Genera Insectorum 217 (C): -

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: -

Meigen, 1830

Systematische Beschreibung der europäischen Schmetterlinge; mit Abbildungen auf Steintafeln Syst. Beschr. eur. Schmett. 3: VI+276, pl. 81-125 (?1830-1832)

Moore, 1859

A Catalogue of the lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of natural History at East-India House in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. Lepid. Insects Mus. Nat. Hist. East India House 2: 279-440

Schintlmeister, 1997

Moths of Vietnam with special reference to Mt. Fan-si-pan Entomofauna Supplement 9: 33-248

Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001

New and less known Notodontidae from mainland China Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 50: 3-141

Walker, 1855; Walker, 1856

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 1: 1-278 (1854), 2: 279-581 (1854), 3: 582-775 (1855), 4: 776-976 (1855), 5: 977-1258 (1855), 6: 1259-1508 (1855), 7: 1509-1808 (1856)

Walker, 1862

Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species J. Proc. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 6: 82-145, 171-198

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.