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Panoquina Hemming, 1934

Panoquina Hemming, 1934; Entomologist 67: 38 (repl. Prenes Scudder, 1872), TS: Hesperia panoquin Scudder
Prenes Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 81 (preocc. Gistl, 1848), TS: Hesperia panoquin Scudder
Panochina ; Torre y Callejas, [1981], (missp.)
Panguina ; Buzzi, 1994, (missp.)
Prenes ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 507
Panoquina (Hesperiinae) ; [NL4A, 75]

Panoquina bola Bell, 1942

Bolivia. See [About maps] Panoquina bola Bell, 1942; , TL: Bolivia
Panoquina bola ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 166; [NL4A, #1876]

Panoquina chapada Evans, 1955

Brazil(Mato Grosso). See [About maps] Panoquina chapada Evans, 1955; , TL: Brazil, Mato Grosso
Panoquina chapada ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 166; [NL4A, #1877]

Panoquina corrupta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)

Cuba. See [About maps] Goniloba corrupta Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; CorrespBl. zool.-min Ver. Regensburg 19: 54, TL: Cuba
Prenes nero var. corrupta ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 3: pl. 96, f. 7
Panoquina corrupta ; [NL4A, #1878]

Panoquina errans (Skinner, 1892)

California, Texas, Mexico. See [About maps] Wandering Skipper
Pamphila errans Skinner, 1892; Ent. News 3: 174, TL: California; Texas
Panoquina errans, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina errans, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina errans, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Prenes errans ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 54
Panoquina errans ; [NACL, 4118]; [Opler]
Panoquina panoquinoides errans ; [NL4A, #1887d]

Misidentified/misapplied:

nereus; Wright, 1905

Larva on Distichlis spicata [NAB]

Panoquina evadnes (Stoll, [1781])

Guatemala - Colombia, Brazil. See [About maps] Papilio evadnes Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): pl. 343, f. G, H, TL: Surinam
Hesperia chlorus Plötz, 1882; , TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #1879]

Panoquina evadnes, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina evadnes, Butterflies of America [BOA]

euadrus ; Gmelin, [1790], (missp.) evadne ; Westwood, 1852, (missp.) evadens ; Moss, 1949, (missp.) Proteides evadnes ; Staudinger, Exot. Schmett: 297, pl. 99, f. Calpodes evadnes ; Watson, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1): 105

Prenes evadnes ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 508, 3: pl. 95, f. 47-48 Panoguina eradnes[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 84, f. 39] Panoquina evadnes ; [NL4A, #1879]

Panoquina evansi (Freeman, 1946)

Texas, Mexico, CA. See [About maps] Evans' Skipper
Calpodes evansi Freeman, 1946; Ent. News, 57 (8): (185-187), TL: Pharr [Hidalgo Co.], Texas
Panoquina evansi, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina evansi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina evansi, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Panoquina fusina evansi ;
Calpodes evansi ; [BOW: pl. 21, f. 24 (text)]
Panoquina evansi ; [NACL, #4122]; [NL4A, #1880]; [Opler]

604x566 (~35Kb) female Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Panoquina fusina (Hewitson, 1868)

-. See [About maps] Hesperia fusina Hewitson, 1868; Descr. One Hundred new Spec. Hesp. (2): 30, TL: Brazil, Pará
Panoquina fusina ; [NL4A, #1881]

P. f. fusina

Brazil(Pará) Hesperia fufidia Hewitson, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19 (109): 81

= ; [NL4A, #1881a]

Panoquina fusina fusina ; [NL4A, #1881a]

P. f. jumbo Evans, 1955

fusina jumbo Evans, 1955; , TL: "Jamaica"
Panoquina fusina jumbo ; [NL4A, #1881b]

P. f. sonta Evans, 1955

Panama fusina sonta Evans, 1955; , TL: Panama
Panoquina fusina sonta ; [NL4A, #1881c]

P. f. viola Evans, 1955

Brazil(Rio Grande do Sul) fusina viola Evans, 1955; , TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
Panoquina fusina viola ; [NL4A, #1881d]

Panoquina hecebola (Scudder, 1872)

Mexico, Panama, Hondurdas, Paraguay, Peru. See [About maps] Hecebolus Skipper
Prenes hecebolus Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 81, TL: Mexico, Oaxaca

= Prenes ocola ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 511

Pamphila parilis Mabille, 1891; Bull. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. 35: clxxi [171], TL: Panama,Honduras

= Panoquina hecebolus ; [NL4A, #1882]

Panoquina hecebolus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina hecebolus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina hecebolus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
hecobolus ; Hayward, 1944, (missp.)
hacebolus ; dos Passos, 1964, (missp.)
Panoquina hecebola ; [NACL, #4120]
Panoquina hecebolus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 166; [BOW: pl. 22, f. 22 (text)]; [NL4A, #1882]; [Opler]

568x559 (~32Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

Panoquina lucas (Fabricius, 1793)

Texas - Argentina, Florida?, W.Indies. See [About maps] Purple-washed Skipper
Hesperia lucas Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 339, TL: West Indies
Hesperia lucasi Fabricius, 1793; (sensu auth.)
Hesperia neriena Plötz, 1883; Stett. ent. Ztg 44 (1-3): 43

= ?Decinea lucifer ; auth.
= ?Cobalopsis nero ; [NL4A, #1471]

Panoquina lucas, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina lucas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina lucas, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Telegonus lucas ; Butler, [1870], Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius: 262, pl. 3, f. 4
Turesis lucasi ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 616, 3: pl. 104, f. 22-23
Turesis lucas ; [BOW: pl. 88, f. 1]
Panoquina lucas ; [NL4A, #1883]; [Opler]

Larva on Poaceae, Sacchinarum officinarum [NAB]

P. l. lucas

Mexico, West Indies, Cuba, ...? Goniloba sylvicola Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; CorrespBl. zool.-min Ver. Regensburg 19: 55, TL: Cuba

= Prenes nero ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 509
= Panoquina lucas ; Robbins, Lamas, Mielke, Harvey & Casagrande, 1996
= ; [NL4A, #1883a]

Panoquina sylvicola, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]

lucasii ; Kirby, 1871, (missp.) silvicola ; Dewitz, 1877, (missp.) lucasi ; Plötz, 1882, (missp.) sylvilcola ; Dognin, 1887, (missp.) Panoquina leucas ; Warren et al., 1998, (missp.)

Prenes sylvicola ; Scudder, 1872, 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 81 Panoquina sylvicola ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 166; [NACL, #4121] Panoquina lucas lucas ; [NL4A, #1883a]

P. l. woodruffi Watson, 1937

Puerto Rico Panoquina woodruffi Watson, 1937; , TL: Puerto Rico
Panoquina lucas woodruffi ; [NL4A, #1883b]

Panoquina luctuosa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Brazil. See [About maps] Goniloba luctuosa Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
Panoquina luctuosa ; [BOW: pl. 84, f. 39 (text)]; [NL4A, #1884]

P. l. luctuosa

Panoquina luctuosa luctuosa ; [NL4A, #1884a]

P. l. cineas Evans, 1955

Peru luctuosa cineas Evans, 1955; , TL: Peru
Panoquina luctuosa cineas ; [NL4A, #1884b]

P. l. fonda Evans, 1955

Ecuador luctuosa fonda Evans, 1955; , TL: Ecuador
Panoquina luctuosa fonda ; [NL4A, #1884c]

Panoquina ocola (Edwards, 1863)

-. See [About maps] Ocola Skipper Long-windged Skipper
Hesperia ocola Edwards, 1863; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (1): 20, TL: Florida
Panoquina ocola ocola, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina ocola ocola, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina ocola, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Panoquina ocola, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Calpodes ocola ; Watson, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1): 105
Prenes ocola ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 511, 3: pl. 96, f. 13-15; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 54
Panoquina ocola ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 166; [BOW: pl. 22, f. 22]; [NACL, #4119]; [NL4A, #1886]; [Opler]

Larva on Poaceae, Oryza sativa, Sacchinarum officinarum [NAB]

P. o. ocola

Florida - Ohio, Mexico - Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela - Peru, Surinam Pamphila stratyllis Burmeister, 1878; , TL: Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #1886a]

Pamphila heterospila Mabille, 1878; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #1886a]

Pamphila ortygia Möschler, 1883; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 32: [?] 328, TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #1886a]

ocala ; Hayward, 1939, (missp.)
ocolo ; Freeman, 1945, (missp.)
ocula ; Drees & Butler, 1978, (missp.)
Panoquina ocola ocola ; [NL4A, #1886a]

P. o. distipuncta Johnson & Matusik, 1988

Dominican Republic ocola distipuncta Johnson & Matusik, 1988; , TL: Dominican Republic
Panoquina ocola distipuncta ; [NL4A, #1886b]

Panoquina panoquin (Scudder, 1863)

Florida - New Jersey. See [About maps] Salt Marsh Skipper
Hesperia panoquin Scudder, 1863; Proc. Essex Inst. 3: 178
ophis (Edwards, 1871)
wimico (Plötz, 1883)
cochles (Scudder, 1889); (nom. nud.?)
Panoquina panoquin, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina panoquin, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Prenes panoquin ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 54
Panoquina panoquin ; [BOW: pl. 22, f. 21]; [NACL, #4116]; [Opler]

Larva on Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Distichlis spicata? [NAB]

Panoquina panoquinoides (Skinner, 1891)

Texas, Florida, Antilles, CA, SA. See [About maps] Obscure Skipper
Pamphila panoquinoides Skinner, 1891; Ent. News 2: 175, TL: Florida; Texas
Panoquina panoquinoides panoquinoides, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panoquina panoquinoides panoquinoides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panoquina panoquinoides, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Prenes panoquinoides ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: 54
Panoquina panoquinoides ; [BOW: pl. 22, f. 21 (text)]; [NACL, #4117]; [NL4A, #1887]; [Opler]

Larva on Distichlis spicata? [NAB]

P. p. panoquinoides

Florida, Texas parroquinoides ; Wolcott, 1936, (missp.)
panoquinioides ; Roque, 2001, (missp.)
Panoquina panoquinoides panoquinoides ; [NL4A, #1887a]

P. p. albistriga Mielke, 1980

Brazil(Rio Grande do Sul) panoquinoides albistriga Mielke, 1980; , TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul
Panoquina panoquinoides albistriga ; [NL4A, #1887b]

P. p. calna Evans, 1955

Peru panoquinoides calna Evans, 1955; , TL: Peru
Panoquina panoquinoides calna ; [NL4A, #1887c]

P. p. eugeon (Godman & Salvin, 1896)

Grenada, Grenadines panoquinoides eugeon (Godman & Salvin, 1896) (Prenes); , TL: Grenada, Grenadines
Panoquina panoquinoides eugeon ; [NL4A, #1887e]

P. p. minima de Jong, 1983

Surinam panoquinoides minima de Jong, 1983; , TL: Surinam
Panoquina panoquinoides minima ; [NL4A, #1887f]

Panoquina pauper (Mabille, 1878)

-. See [About maps] Proteides pauper Mabille, 1878; Petites Nouvelles Ent. 2: 201, TL: Colombia
Prenes pauper ; Godman & Salvin, [1900], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 509, 3: pl. 96, f. 1-3
Panoquina pauper ; [NL4A, #1888]

718x589 (~41Kb) female Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

P. p. pauper

Colombia Panoquina pauper pauper ; [NL4A, #1888a]

P. p. grapte (Druce, 1908)

Peru pauper grapte (Druce, 1908) (Prenes); , TL: Peru
Panoquina pauper grapte ; [NL4A, #1888b]

Panoquina peraea (Hewitson, 1866)

Mexico(Baja California), Brazil(Rio de Janeiro). See [About maps] Hesperia peraea Hewitson, 1866; , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
Hesperia senex Plötz, 1882; , TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

= ; [NL4A, #1889]

Prenes californica Weeks, 1902; , TL: Mexico, Baja California

= ; [NL4A, #1889]

california ; Warren, 2000, (missp.)
Carystus senex ;
Panoquina peraea ; [NL4A, #1889]

Panoquina trix Evans, 1955

Brazil(Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais). See [About maps] Panoquina trix Evans, 1955; , TL: Brazil, Mato Grosso
Panoquina confusa Mielke, 1968; J. Lep. Soc. 22: 20, f. 33-34, 102-105, TL: Km. 222, Belo Horizonte-Brazilia Hwy, Felixlândia, Minas Gerais

= ; [NL4A, #1890]

Panoquina trix ; [NL4A, #1890]

2.2.2008 (17)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automaticly generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

Some related literature:

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168

Butler, [1870]

Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius: (1869) 303pp, 3pls

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., 52: xix, 723pp

Edwards, 1863

Descriptions of certain species of diurnal Lepidoptera, found within the limits of the United States and British America. (1) Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (1): 14-22, pl. 1

Freeman, 1946

Two new species of skippers from North and Central America Ent. News, 57 (8): 185-187

Godman & Salvin, [1900]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Hewitson, 1868

Descriptions of one Hundred new Species of Hesperidae. (2) Descr. One Hundred new Spec. Hesp. (2): [2] + pp. 25 (from sp. 7 hypaepa)-56

Hewitson, 1877

Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 19 (109): 76-85

Mielke, 1968

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. II. New Genera, Species and Subspecies of Hesperiidae J. Lep. Soc. 22: 1-20

Möschler, 1883

Beiträge zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Surinam. V. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 32: 303-362

Plötz, 1883

Die Hesperiinen -- Gattung Hesperia Aut. und ihre Arten. (3) & (4) Stett. ent. Ztg 44 (1-3): 26-64, (4-6): 195-233

Scudder, 1872

A systematic Revision of some of the American Butterflies; with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Mass. 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 24-83

Stoll, [1781]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)

Watson, 1893

A proposed classification of the Hesperiidae, with a revision of the genera Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 (1): 3-133, pls 1-3

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxononic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.